The electron glass in a switchable mirror: relaxation, ageing and universality

Lee, M; Oikonomou, Panos; Segalova, P; Rosenbaum, T. F.; Hoekstra, A.F.Th.; Littlewood, P. B.

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/17/43/l02

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recent experiments on indium oxides by Ovadyahu's group [1] have shown glassy behavior such as logarithmic relaxation and aging. Similar effects have also been found on granular metals [2], on ultrathin metal films [3], and on a rare earth hydride [4]. All of these systems can be quite well described by the Coulomb glass model, which keeps gaining importance in the study of glassy relaxation.…”

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confidence: 56%

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Effective Temperature in Relaxation of Coulomb Glasses

et al. 2008

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We study relaxation in two-dimensional Coulomb glasses up to macroscopic times. We use a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm especially designed to escape efficiently from deep valleys around metastable states. We find that, during the relaxation process, the site occupancy follows a Fermi-Dirac distribution with an effective temperature much higher than the real temperature T. Long electron-hole excitations are characterized by T(eff), while short ones are thermalized at T. We argue that the density of states at the Fermi level is proportional to T(eff) and is a good thermometer to measure it. T(eff) decreases extremely slowly, roughly as the inverse of the logarithm of time, and it should affect hopping conductance in many experimental circumstances.

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confidence: 56%

“…After roughly t 100, a proper FD distribution is observed, independently of the initial configuration. We have checked that starting from an electron-hole asymmetric initial configuration, designed to reproduce experiments where the sample is excited with light [4], basically does not change the results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effective Temperature in Relaxation of Coulomb Glasses

et al. 2008

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“…In a recent article [1], Lee et al reported interesting glassy behaviour in the relaxation of photoinduced conductivity in doped yttrium hydrides, YH 3−δ with δ ≈ 0.039. The relative decrease of the conductivity was found to be a scaling function of the ratio between the time t elapsed after the excitation, and the illumination time t w , δσ (t; t w )/ σ tot (t w ) = F(t/t w ), where σ tot (t w ) is the total excess conductivity induced by the illumination.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comment on “The electron glass in a switchable mirror: relaxation, ageing and universality”

Müller¹

2006

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…0.1), such as the MIT, quantum glasses are even less understood than their classical counterparts. Experimental studies of charge or Coulomb glasses (Davies et al, 1982;Grünewald et al, 1982;Pollak and Ortuño, 1982;Davies et al, 1984;Pollak, 1984), which are of particular relevance to the MIT, have been relatively scarce (Monroe et al, 1987;Ben-Chorin et al, 1993;Ovadyahu and Pollak, 1997;Vaknin et al, 1998;Vaknin et al, 2000;Vaknin et al, 2002;Orlyanchik and Ovadyahu, 2004;Ovadyahu, 2006a;Ovadyahu, 2006b;Martinez-Arizala et al, 1997;Martinez-Arizala et al, 1998;Bielejec and Wu, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2003;Grenet, 2003;Lee et al, 2005;Grenet et al, 2007;Kar et al, 2003;Thorsmølle and Armitage, 2010), and mostly limited to insulating systems far from the MIT. Recent observations (Bogdanovich and Popović, 2002b;Bogdanovich and Popović, 2002a;Jaroszyński et al, 2002b;Jaroszyński et al, 2002a;Popović et al, 2003;Jaroszyński et al, 2004b;Jaroszyński et al, 2004a;Jaroszyński and Popović, 2006;Jaroszyński and Popović, 2007b;Jaroszyński and Popović, 2007a) of glassiness in a 2DES in Si MOSFETs near the MIT open up opportunities for exploring glassy phenomena in this important regime over a wide range of all the relevant parameters.…”

Section: Glassy Freezing Of Electrons In Two Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glassy Dynamics of Electrons Near the Metal–Insulator Transition

Popović¹

2012

Conductor-Insulator Quantum Phase Transitions

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PrefaceThis review first describes the evidence that strongly suggests the existence of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a two-dimensional electron system in Si regardless of the amount of disorder. Extensive studies of the charge dynamics demonstrate that this transition is closely related to the glassy freezing of electrons as temperature T → 0. Similarities to the behavior of three-dimensional materials raise the intriguing possibility that such correlated dynamics might be a universal feature of the MIT regardless of the dimensionality. Contents 0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Metal-insulator transition in two dimensions 3 0.3 Glassy freezing of electrons in two dimensions 15 0.4 Summary 28 0.5 Discussion 29 0.6 Acknowledgments 33 References 34 Free energy landscape Configuration space coordinate F Glass Fig. 0.1 The free-energy (F ) landscape of a glassy system. The horizontal axis represents the one-dimensional projection of the configurational coordinates of the degrees of freedom.Metal-insulator transition in two dimensions ¿ Lee and Ramakrishnan 1985). They have an additional advantage that all the relevant parameters, carrier concentration, disorder and interactions, can be varied relatively easily. This review will describe some of the work that has demonstrated that the 2DES in Si is an excellent model system not only for studying the MIT in two dimensions (2D), but also for investigating the nearly universal nonequilibrium behavior exhibited by a large class of both three-dimensional (3D) and 2D systems (e.g. spin glasses, supercooled liquids, granular films). In fact, the work on the 2DES in Si provides additional strong evidence that many such universal features are robust manifestations of glassiness, regardless of the dimensionality of the system. The dimensionality plays an important role in the MIT. In 2D, for example, the very existence of the metal and the MIT had been questioned for many years. Recently, considerable experimental evidence has become available in favor of such a transition. Some of that work has been described in several review papers (e.g. Kravchenko and Sarachik 2004) with a focus on very clean (low-disordered) samples. This review will first extend that discussion to the cases of higher disorder in order to (a) demonstrate that the 2D MIT is observed in all 2DES in Si regardless of the amount of disorder, (b) point out important similarities to the MIT in 3D systems, and (c) set the stage for the discussion of glassy dynamics near the MIT. As summarized below, the 2DES in Si exhibits all the main manifestations of glassiness: slow, correlated dynamics; nonexponential relaxations; diverging equilibration time, as T → 0; aging and memory. The results provide strong support to theoretical proposals describing the 2D MIT as the melting of a Coulomb glass (Dobrosavljević et al.

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The electron glass in a switchable mirror: relaxation, ageing and universality

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Effective Temperature in Relaxation of Coulomb Glasses

Effective Temperature in Relaxation of Coulomb Glasses

Comment on “The electron glass in a switchable mirror: relaxation, ageing and universality”

Glassy Dynamics of Electrons Near the Metal–Insulator Transition

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