The electron microscopy of dividing cells

Rozsa, G.; Wyckoff, Ralph W. G.

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(50)90107-7

Cited by 29 publications

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“…The same or similar fixations applied to plant cells, for some reason, have failed to preserve identical structures. Organizations of fibers and of fibrous material parallel to the long axis of the spindle have been noted (19,22), but the fine structure image has been poorly resolved and fixation apparently inadequate. This latter is especially true after KMnO4, which has failed to preserve anything except the membrane-limited components of the ER (19,22).…”

Section: The "Tubules" In Dividing Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A "Microtubule" in Plant Cell Fine Structure

Ledbetter

Porter

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

897

365

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This paper reports an electron microscope examination of the cortices of some plant cells engaged in wall formation. Previous studies of similar material fixed in OSO4 alone have disclosed discontinuities in the plasma membrane and other evidence of inadequate fixation. After glutaraldehyde, used as a fixative in this present study, the general preservation of cortical fine structure is greatly improved. This is shown, for example, by the first evidence of slender tubules, 230 to 270 A in diameter and of indeterminate length, in plant cells of this type. They have been found in the cortical regions of cells of two angiosperms and one gymnosperm, representing all the material so far studied following this method of fixation. The tubules are identical in morphology to those also observed here in the mitotic spindles of plant cells, except that the latter have a somewhat smaller diameter. It is noted that the cortical tubules are in a favored position to govern cytoplasmic streaming and to exert an influence over the disposition of cell wall materials. In this regard it may be of some significance that the tubules just beneath the surface of the protoplast mirror the orientation of the cellulose microfibrils of the adjacent cell walls.

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Section: The "Tubules" In Dividing Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A "Microtubule" in Plant Cell Fine Structure

Ledbetter

Porter

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

897

365

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“…Early observations of dividing cells with the electron microscope (2-4), using preparative methods similar to those for light microscopy, showed the presence of very coarse fibers in the mitotic apparatus. Rozsa and Wyckoff (5,6) studied the effects of various fixatives on the structure of the spindle and concluded that such fibers were aggregation artifacts of acid fixation. They believed that fixation in neutral formalin, which caused the spindle region to appear completely homogeneous, gave a better representation of the true situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitotic Apparatus

Kane

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The fine structure of the mitotic apparatus isolated from the sea urchin egg has been investigated. The isolation was accomplished by lysis of metaphase eggs in a 1 M solution of hexanediol, buffered at pH 6. The fine structure of the isolated apparatus was studied after fixation with osmium tetroxide directly in the isolation medium. The spindle is composed of fine fibrils, approximately 20 m# in diameter, which appear tubular. Similar fibrils, radially oriented, are found in the aster. If the isolated mitotic apparatus is exposed to water at pH 6 before fixation, the structure is considerably modified. The most pronounced effects are an increase in the number of large membrane-bounded vesicles and in the amount of free granular material present. The conditions necessary for the fixation of the mitotic apparatus in dividing cells are discussed in the light of these observations on the isolated unit.

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“…Initial work used the same harsh fixations that had produced fibers for view in the light microscope; now seen at higher resolution, the fibers appeared as bundles of much finer fibrils [28,29]. The “fine structure” of these fibrils was later seen with greater clarity by Harris in sea urchin blastomeres [30] (Figure 7) and by Roth and Daniels in amebae [31] that had been fixed with osmium tetroxide, either at low pH or in the presence of divalent cations.…”

Section: New Technologies For Structural Studies Advanced Our Undementioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief History of Research on Mitotic Mechanisms

McIntosh

Hays

2016

Biology

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This chapter describes in summary form some of the most important research on chromosome segregation, from the discovery and naming of mitosis in the nineteenth century until around 1990. It gives both historical and scientific background for the nine chapters that follow, each of which provides an up-to-date review of a specific aspect of mitotic mechanism. Here, we trace the fruits of each new technology that allowed a deeper understanding of mitosis and its underlying mechanisms. We describe how light microscopy, including phase, polarization, and fluorescence optics, provided descriptive information about mitotic events and also enabled important experimentation on mitotic functions, such as the dynamics of spindle fibers and the forces generated for chromosome movement. We describe studies by electron microscopy, including quantitative work with serial section reconstructions. We review early results from spindle biochemistry and genetics, coupled to molecular biology, as these methods allowed scholars to identify key molecular components of mitotic mechanisms. We also review hypotheses about mitotic mechanisms whose testing led to a deeper understanding of this fundamental biological event. Our goal is to provide modern scientists with an appreciation of the work that has laid the foundations for their current work and interests.

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The electron microscopy of dividing cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

A "Microtubule" in Plant Cell Fine Structure

A "Microtubule" in Plant Cell Fine Structure

The Mitotic Apparatus

A Brief History of Research on Mitotic Mechanisms

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