The Electron-Wave Tube-A Novel Method of Generation and Amplification of Microwave Energy

Haeff, Andrew V.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1949.232968

Cited by 80 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…They find the broadness of gain curves to be comparable to that of curves for helix-type traveling-wave tubes [20]. The latter paper [21], by A. Haeff, has an analysis similar to that in [20] and also gives expressions and curves for the propagation constant, gain, and bandwidth of the so-called "electron-wave tube". In addition to theory, however, Haeff's paper also reports on the design and performance of the "twobeam"-and "single-beam"-type tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Modeling of a Compact Terahertz Source based on the Two-Stream Instability

Svimonishvili¹

2016

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THz radiation straddles the microwave and infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus combining the penetrating power of lower-frequency waves and imaging capabilities of higher-energy infrared radiation. THz radiation is employed in various fields such as cancer research, biology, agriculture, homeland security, and environmental monitoring. Conventional vacuum electronic sources of THz radiation (e.g., fast-and slow-wave devices) either require very small structures or are bulky and expensive to operate. Optical sources necessitate cryogenic cooling and are presently capable of producing milliwatt levels of power at THz frequencies. We propose a millimeter and sub-millimeter wave source based on a well-known phenomenon called the two-stream instability. The two-beam source relies on lowenergy and low-current electron beams for operation. Also, it is compact, simple in vi design, and does not contain expensive parts that require complex machining and precise alignment. In this dissertation, we perform 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the interaction region of the two-beam source. The interaction region consists of a beam pipe of radius r a and two electron beams of radius r b co-propagating and interacting inside the pipe. The simulations involve the interaction of unmodulated (no initial energy modulation) and modulated (energy-modulated, seeded at a given frequency) electron beams. In addition, both cold (monoenergetic) and warm (Gaussian) beams are treated. Using PIC simulations electromagnetic radiation is demonstrated over the frequency range 0.03 ≤ f ≤ 1 THz. The two-beam source is found to possess an extremely wide gain bandwidth (over a decade in frequency) from the microwave to the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, the gain obtained is impressive. For example, the interaction of two 0.7-mm and 0.5-A electron beams with energies 20 keV and 16.95 keV (typical in this dissertation) yields the value of gain of 0.35 dB/mm, which is over a factor of 10 greater than that reported in the literature for a proposed two-stream relativistic klystron amplifier involving 1.0-and 5.0-kA annular relativistic electron beams. Hence, the two-beam amplifier promises to be a reliable and inexpensive source of millimeter and sub-millimeter wave radiation and has the potential to generate watts of power at THz frequencies. vii Contents List of Figures xiii List of Tables xxvii 2 Single particle dynamics 10

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…An rf perturbation imposed on one of the streams via an input helix is amplified along the length of the tube and then extracted at the end of the tube through an output circuit. Haeff reports electronic bandwidths of over 30% and gains of the order of 80 dB at a frequency of 3 GHz [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of a Compact Terahertz Source based on the Two-Stream Instability

Svimonishvili¹

2016

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“…Помимо интерференционного режима, усиление в подобных системах можно получить за счет неустойчивости, когда начальное возмущение с течением времени возрастает в процессе взаимодействия волн и приводит к росту их амплитуды. Для линейного случая непрерывного взаимодействия электронных потоков данный механизм подробно описан в работе [4], где автор указывает на то, что область применения неустойчивости оказывается ограниченной и задается управляющими параметрами: рабочей и плазменной частотой электронных потоков, а также их скоростями.…”

Section: обзор основных работunclassified

About Periodic Interaction of Two Electron Streams Between Themselves and With Fields of Electrodynamics Systems

Golovanov¹

2017

AND

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“…The small-signal theory for a TSA with two mixed beams but no outer conducting wall has been presented many times in the past [I]-[3], [5] but a complete numerical solution for a three-dimensional case with a surrounding conducting wall has, to our knowledge, never been done. A cylindrical waveguide of radius a with the dominant TMol mode is considered (Fig.…”

Section: Linear Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haeff et al [5] performed an experiment at NRL with a 3-GHz frequency and a total current of 15 mA using a helix as output coupler. He obtained a total gain of 46 dB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review of two-stream amplifier performance

Phillips

Zaidman

Freund

et al. 1990

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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The basic concept of the two-stream instability and its application in building a microwavelmillimeter-wave amplifier are reviewed from the perspective of the general usage of high-frequency devices. A historical review of the relevant literature is presented with additional discussion of unpublished laboratory notebooks from the Naval Research Laboratory. A summary of the theoretical background and its extension to the bounded three-dimensional case is given along with results from one-dimensional nonlinear particle simulation which is compared to nonlinear theory. The advantages, limitations, and shortcomings of a two-stream amplifier are discussed in comparison to other currently available devices that work in the same range of parameters.

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The Electron-Wave Tube-A Novel Method of Generation and Amplification of Microwave Energy

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling of a Compact Terahertz Source based on the Two-Stream Instability

Modeling of a Compact Terahertz Source based on the Two-Stream Instability

About Periodic Interaction of Two Electron Streams Between Themselves and With Fields of Electrodynamics Systems

Review of two-stream amplifier performance

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