The phase stability, electronic structure and transport properties of binary 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal silicides are investigated using highthroughput density functional calculations. An overall good agreement is found between the calculated 0 K phase diagrams and experiment. We introduce descriptors for the phase-stability and thermoelectric properties and hereby identify several candidates with potential for thermoelectric applications. This includes known thermoelectrics like Mn 4 Si 7 , β-FeSi 2 , Ru 2 Si 3 and CrSi 2 as well as new potentially meta-stable materials like Rh 3 Si 5 , Fe 2 Si 3 and an orthorhombic CrSi 2 phase. Analysis of the electronic structure shows that the gap formation in most of the semiconducting transition metal silicides can be understood with simple hybridization models. The transport properties of the Mn 4 Si 7 , Ru 2 Ge 3 and Ir 3 Si 5 structure types and the orthorhombic CrSi 2 phase are discussed. The calculated transport properties are in good agreement with available experimental data. It is shown that a better thermoelectric performance may be achieved upon optimal doping. Finally, the high-throughput data are analysed and rationalized using a simple tight-binding model.