The electrophysiology of neuroHIV: A systematic review of EEG and MEG studies in people with HIV infection since the advent of highly-active antiretroviral therapy

Cruz, Ana Lucia Fernandez; Fellows, Lesley K.

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.035

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Previous neuroimaging studies using fMRI have shown HIV-related increases in activation in task-specific brain areas serving attention and working memory (e.g., parietal and prefrontal cortices), 6 , 7 , 21 – 24 although these studies did not distinguish HIV-infected participants based on HAND status and did not examine the temporal dynamics. Electrophysiologic methods such as EEG and MEG have also been emerging as powerful tools for identifying HIV-related cortical dysfunction, 25 – 27 and have identified abnormal prefrontal and parietal activity during multiple cognitive tasks. 8 , 9 , 28 – 31 Of note, such studies have also shown that MEG metrics have high test-retest reliability in HIV-infected and uninfected participants, which of course is critical for any potential marker of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural dynamics of selective attention deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTo identify the neural markers of attention dysfunction in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND).MethodsSixty participants, including 40 HIV-infected adults (half with HAND) and 20 demographically matched controls performed a visual selective attention task while undergoing high-density magnetoencephalography. Neuronal activity related to selective attention processing was quantified and compared across the 3 groups, and correlated with neuropsychological measures of attention and executive function. Spontaneous neural activity was also extracted from these attention-related cortical areas and examined with respect to HAND status.ResultsHIV-infected participants with and without HAND exhibited behavioral selective attention deficits on the magnetoencephalography task, as indicated by an increased flanker effect. Neuronal measures of flanker interference activity in the alpha and theta range revealed differential dynamics in attention-related brain areas across the 3 groups, especially in those with HAND. In addition, theta range flanker interference activity in the left inferior frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with executive function and attention composite scores, respectively. Progressively stronger spontaneous alpha and theta activity was also found in unimpaired HIV-infected and HAND participants relative to controls across brain regions implicated in different components of attention processing.ConclusionsBehavioral and neuronal metrics of selective attention performance distinguish participants with HAND from controls and unimpaired HIV-infected participants. These metrics, along with measures of local spontaneous neural activity, may hold promise as early markers of cognitive decline in participants with HIV infection and be useful prognostic indicators for HAND.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural dynamics of selective attention deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

et al. 2018

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“…Cognitive ability was related to the amplitude of the P300 evoked by both tasks. Past work on the P300 in HIV, mainly evoked with oddball tasks, reported amplitude reductions for HIV+ compared to HIV-controls in smaller samples with shorter duration of HIV infection than those we studied (reviewed in Fernández-Cruz & Fellows, 2017). Here, we confirm the relevance of the P300 as an indicator of brain dysfunction in HIV, showing for the first time that it relates to cognitive ability in this population, and finding that this relationship is present across two different tasks in the same sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Paired with appropriate cognitive tasks, these methods can probe specific circuit function with excellent temporal resolution. EEG is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive, so could be made widely available, even in resource-poor settings, yet there has been surprisingly little application of these methods in HIV (Fernández-Cruz & Fellows, 2017). There is evidence, albeit mainly from small sample studies, that EEG/MEG measures can distinguish people with HIV infection from HIV-controls, and HIV+ individuals with and without HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) (Fernández-Cruz & Fellows, 2017; Groff et al, 2020; Lew et al, 2018; Wiesman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

Cruz

Chen

Sanford

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveThis study used converging methods to define the structural and functional characteristics of the neural substrates underlying variation in cognitive ability in older men with well-controlled HIV infection.MethodsSeventy-six HIV+ men treated with combination antiretrovirals completed attention and inhibitory control tasks tapping different cortico-subcortical circuits while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired. Fifty-four also underwent structural MRI. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. MRI suggested a subcortical basis for the observed EEG effects.ResultsEEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier processing stages of both tasks. However, only the P300 evoked by the attention task was associated with past HIV infection severity. Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged different brain circuits. Thalamus volumes correlated with P300 amplitudes evoked by the attention task, while globus pallidus volumes were related to the P300 in both tasks.InterpretationThis is the first study to combine structural and functional imaging in an overlapping sample to address the neural circuits related to cognitive dysfunction in HIV. Neural substrates of attention were more affected than those supporting inhibitory control. Preliminary evidence suggests these differences may relate to vulnerability of the thalamus to the effects of HIV. Our results suggest high-yield tasks and circuit targets for future work.

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“…Cytokine release due to neuroinflammation, for example, might impair synaptic plasticity or interfere with neurotransmission, without yielding macroscopic brain atrophy [15]. While there have been studies of brain function in HIV using functional MRI, less has been done with the simpler and more accessible functional imaging method of EEG [16]. Paired with appropriate cognitive tasks, EEG can assess specific neural circuit function with excellent temporal resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

et al. 2021

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Objective This study used converging methods to examine the neural substrates of cognitive ability in middle-aged and older men with well-controlled HIV infection. Methods Seventy-six HIV+ men on antiretroviral treatment completed an auditory oddball task and an inhibitory control (Simon) task while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired; 66 had usable EEG data from one or both tasks; structural MRI was available for 43. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. We also explored the structural correlates of these EEG markers in the sub-sample with complete EEG and MRI data (N = 27). Results EEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier stages of both tasks. Only the oddball task P300 was reliably associated with HIV severity (nadir CD4). Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged partially distinct circuits. Thalamus volume correlated with oddball task P300 amplitude, while globus pallidus volume was related to the P300 in both tasks. Interpretation This is the first study to use task-evoked EEG to identify neural correlates of individual differences in cognition in men living with well-controlled HIV infection, and to explore the structural basis of the EEG markers. We found that EEG responses evoked by the oddball task are more reliably related to cognitive performance than those evoked by the Simon task. We also provide preliminary evidence for a subcortical contribution to the effects of HIV infection severity on P300 amplitudes. These results suggest brain mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for individual differences in cognition in HIV.

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The electrophysiology of neuroHIV: A systematic review of EEG and MEG studies in people with HIV infection since the advent of highly-active antiretroviral therapy

Cited by 17 publications

References 73 publications

Neural dynamics of selective attention deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Neural dynamics of selective attention deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

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