The Electroretinogram May Differentiate Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder

Hébert, Marc; Mérette, Chantal; Gagné, Anne-Marie; Paccalet, Thomas; Moreau, Isabel; Lavoie, Jessie R.; Maziade, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.014

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For instance, prolonged cone b-wave implicit time (time from onset of flash stimulus to the peak of the wave) and reduced mixed rods/cones a-and b-wave peak amplitudes have been reported in MDD patients 33 . Interestingly, the cone b-wave delay identified in MDD patients was similar to the anomalies found in SZ 34 and BP patients 32 whereas MDD mixed-rod-cone alterations were common to BP, SZ and children at high risk to develop a psychiatric disorder 31 . MDD patients who responded to antidepressant treatment (Duloxetine) were also shown to exhibit higher rod b-wave amplitude than non-responders before treatment 30 suggesting that ERG could be used to predict treatment response.…”

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confidence: 57%

“…Interestingly, abnormal retinal activity has been consistently reported in many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BP), children at high risk for psychiatric disorders, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and MDD [29][30][31][32] . For instance, prolonged cone b-wave implicit time (time from onset of flash stimulus to the peak of the wave) and reduced mixed rods/cones a-and b-wave peak amplitudes have been reported in MDD patients 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sex-specific retinal anomalies induced by chronic social stress in mice

Arsenault

Lavigne

Mansouri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop MDD. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to approach the brain and investigate psychiatric disorders with the use of the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cones and rods ERGs were performed in male and female mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Significant results were only observed in rods ERGs. In males, susceptible mice showed prolonged a-wave implicit times at baseline that were shortened after CSDS. The a-wave was also decreased in both susceptible and resilient male mice after CSDS. In females, rod a-waves were shorter in susceptible than in control mice after CSDS resulting from the latter demonstrating delayed a-waves. Baseline ERGs were able to predict – to some extent – the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in male and female mice. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a presumptive biomarker of stress response and that the ERG could potentially serve as a predicting tool of the stress response in mice.

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confidence: 57%

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confidence: 99%

Sex-specific retinal anomalies induced by chronic social stress in mice

Arsenault

Lavigne

Mansouri

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For instance, prolonged cone b-wave implicit time and reduced mixed rod/cone a-and b-wave peak amplitudes have been reported in MDD patients (Hebert et al, 2017). Interestingly, the cone b-wave delay identified in MDD patients was similar to the anomalies found in schizophrenia (SZ; Hebert et al, 2015) and bipolar disorder (BP) patients (Hebert et al, 2020) whereas the mixed rod/cone alterations were common to BP, SZ and children at high risk to develop SZ or BP (Hebert et al, 2010). Prolonged cone b-wave implicit times were also reported in MDD patients with suicidal ideation or melancholic anhedonia (Fountoulakis et al, 2005) hence highlighting this ERG alteration as a major manifestation of psychiatric disorders including MDD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Interestingly, abnormal retinal activity has been consistently reported in many psychiatric disorders including MDD (Hebert et al, 2010(Hebert et al, , 2020Fornaro et al, 2011;Fam et al, 2013). For instance, prolonged cone b-wave implicit time and reduced mixed rod/cone a-and b-wave peak amplitudes have been reported in MDD patients (Hebert et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Retinal Anomalies Induced by Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Mice

Arsenault

Lavigne

Mansouri

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop the disease. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to investigate psychiatric disorders using the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cone and rod ERGs were performed in male and female C57BL/6 mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Our results suggest that CSDS reduces the amplitude of both oscillatory potentials and a-waves in the rods of resilient but not susceptible males. Similar effects were revealed following the analysis of the cone b-waves, which were faster after CSDS in resilient mice specifically. In females, rod ERGs revealed age-related changes with no change in cone ERGs. Finally, our analysis suggests that baseline ERG can predict with an efficacy up to 71% the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in males and females. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a valid biomarker of stress response that could potentially serve as a tool to predict whether males and females will become susceptible or resilient when facing CSDS.

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“…46,67 In schizophrenia, abnormal ERG findings are well established, and have been reported in several recent studies. 68–70 Using portable hand-held flash ERG (fERG), Demmin and colleagues reported diminished a-wave and b-wave amplitude and latency in both photopic (light-adapted) and scotopic (dark adapted) conditions, suggesting weakened photoreceptor and bipolar cell activity. 68 In contrast, Moghimi and colleagues saw a trend of decreasing b-wave amplitude in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls with regards to a-wave and latency, despite observing a trend towards reduced b-wave amplitude.…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal correlates of psychiatric disorders

Almonte

Capellàn

Yap

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Diagnosis and monitoring of psychiatric disorders rely heavily on subjective selfreports of clinical symptoms, which are complicated by the varying consistency of accounts reported by patients with an impaired mental state. Hence, more objective and quantifiable measures have been sought to provide clinicians with more robust methods to evaluate symptomology and track progression of disease in response to treatments. Owing to the shared origins of the retina and the brain, it has been suggested that changes in the retina may correlate with structural and functional changes in the brain. Vast improvements in retinal imaging, namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electrodiagnostic technology, have made it possible to investigate the eye at a microscopic level, allowing for the investigation of potential biomarkers in vivo. This review provides a summary of retinal biomarkers associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression, demonstrating how retinal biomarkers may be used to complement existing methods and provide structural markers of pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin brain dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.

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The Electroretinogram May Differentiate Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Sex-specific retinal anomalies induced by chronic social stress in mice

Sex-specific retinal anomalies induced by chronic social stress in mice

Sex-Specific Retinal Anomalies Induced by Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Mice

Retinal correlates of psychiatric disorders

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