The electroretinogram, the visual evoked potential, and the area-luminance relation

Armington, John C.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(68)90014-x

Cited by 86 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With the intensity levels used in the present study, the data show no evidence that the amplitude of the response levels off or declines at higher luminance levels. Previous studies (Armington, 1968;Vaughan, 1966) show a saturation effect at higher intensities; however, their maximum luminance levels were considerably greater than those used here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Area-luminance effects and the visual evoked brain response

Kress

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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Psychophysical and electrophysiological studies report that luminance must be systematically increased as stimulus area is decreased if a constant response is to be elicited. The visual evoked brain response (VEBRj was recorded from three human subjects as a function of eight stimulus intensities for five different areas. The results indicate: (a) the amplitude of the B-C component of the VEBR increases in a linear fashion as a function of increases in log luminance, (b) there is a linear reciprocal relationship between the magnitude of log area and log luminance for targets up to 10 deg, and (c) substituting total number of receptors in an area for stimulus size results in receptor-luminance functions identical to the corresponding area-luminance function. Results are discussed in terms of neural summation.One of the basic problems in vision research concerns the relationship between the size of a stimulus and the luminance necessary to produce a given response. Historically, this problem has been investigated using either psychophysical methods (Graham & Bartlett, 1939;Graham, Brown & Mote, 1939;Hillman, 1958) or electrophysiological response measures such as the electroretinogram (ERG) (Armington, Tepas, Kropfl, & Hengst, 1961;Armington & Thiede, 1954; Boynton & Riggs, 1951). The psychophysical studies have been concerned mainly with visual absolute threshold determinations in which area and luminance are varied in order to produce a just visible stimulus. The electrophysiological measures have required the use of high-intensity stimuli in order to establish what combination of area and intensity are necessary to produce an electrical response of a certain size. At the psychophysical absolute threshold level, the relationship between area and luminance has been quantified in a reciprocal relationship expressed as Ricco's law for foveal stimulation and Piper's law for peripheral retinal stimulation. Early studies by showed that these laws were valid for only a limited range of areas for both the periphery and fovea. Their results showed that as the area of the stimulus increases, the luminance necessary to achieve threshold decreases. A plot of their data using log intensity and log radius coordinates showed that the area-intensity curves were not linear but decreased in slope as they went from smaller areas to larger areas. A simple power function could not adequately describe the area-luminance relation.Later e1ectrophysiological studies by Boynton and Riggs (1951) 37 area-luminance relationship. The areas studied ranged from 1.25 to 12 deg and were centered on the fovea. Their results showed that there was a linear reciprocal relationship between the magnitude of log area and log luminance. The negative slopes of the area-luminance functions varied between .95 and .99 for the three subjects. A surprising finding of this study was that the same response could be obtained if the stimulus was centered on the blind spot. Thus the authors concluded that the results were probably due to light scatter rather t...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Area-luminance effects and the visual evoked brain response

Kress

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…On the other hand, in our stimulus conditions, the PERG function curve showed substantial spa tial frequency tuning, but to a lesser degree than PVER. Some authors report that there is no spatial frequency tuning in PERG [27,28]. On the other hand, more reports exist to the contrary [23,[29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stimulus Contrast on Simultaneous Steady-State Pattern Reversal Electroretinogram and Visual Evoked Response

Tetsuka

Katsumi²,

Mehta³

et al. 1992

Ophthalmic Res

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We studied the effect of stimulus pattern contrast on the simultaneously recorded pattern reversal electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern reversal visual evoked response (PVER) at 5 check sizes. The stimulus contrast ranged from 24 to 95 % in 6 steps of 0.1- or 0.15-log unit increments. PERG amplitude showed a linear increase with an increase in pattern contrast at all check sizes. PVER amplitude showed an increase up to a certain pattern contrast, but was saturated upon further increase in stimulus contrast at all check sizes. The PERG amplitude-check size function curve showed a flattened, inverted-U shape only with the highest contrast and low-pass filter shape or flat shape with lower contrasts. The PVER amplitude-check size function curve showed an inverted-U shape (bandpass filter shape) at all contrasts. These characteristics to the changes in contrast and the spatial frequency tuning suggest that PVER is processed in a different location of visual pathway than PERG.

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“…Alternating: stimuli were presented to the S's right eye in Maxwellian view (Westheimer, 1966) by means of a stimulator similar to that described by Armington (1968). The optical system is schematically represented in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked cortical potentials

Moskowitz

Armington

Timberlake

1974

Perception & Psychophysics

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Alternating stimuli with herringbone patterns were used to obtain visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) from three human Ss. Two sets of stimulus patterns were used, one with sharp corners and one with the corners rounded off. Each set ranged in angularity from 180 to 45 deg in 45-deg steps. Results showed that: (a) VECP response amplitude was greatest for the 90-deg-corner pattern, (b) response amplitude was greater for the 45-deg-corner pattern than for the 135-deg-corner pattern, and (c) cornered and rounded patterns evoked responses of greater amplitude than those evoked by the straight (180-deg) patterns. Also, the peak latency of responses to cornered patterns was shorter than that of responses to rounded and straight patterns.

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The electroretinogram, the visual evoked potential, and the area-luminance relation

Cited by 86 publications

References 22 publications

Area-luminance effects and the visual evoked brain response

Area-luminance effects and the visual evoked brain response

Effect of Stimulus Contrast on Simultaneous Steady-State Pattern Reversal Electroretinogram and Visual Evoked Response

Corners, receptive fields, and visually evoked cortical potentials

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