“…A link between the square of the electrical field magnitude (E 0 2 ), the induced hydrodynamic stress and the effective viscosity, was also found in various experiments, including the effect of particle chaining (e.g. [14,15]), smart suspensionsdampers [16], food processingmilk chocolate [17], electric pump [18] and tests of non-Newtonian fluids flow under electric fields [19][20][21].…”