The Elementary Forms of Religious Life

Durkheim, Émile

doi:10.2307/3405938

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“…The hypothesis that religion exists to control people's behavior is one of the oldest hypotheses in the scientific study of religion (e.g., Durkheim, 1912Durkheim, /1965Malinowski, 1935). In the present article we have extended this line of thinking by evaluating evidence relevant to the proposal that religion also controls behavior indirectly by facilitating self-control and self-regulation.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we review evidence that is relevant to the ideas that (a) some types of religious belief, behavior, and cognition foster self-regulation and, more specifically, self-control and (b) that it is partly through its associations with self-regulation and self-control that religion obtains its associations with health, well-being, and social behavior. The idea that religion is effective at reining in socially non-normative behavior and promoting socially normative behavior has a long history in the scientific study of religion (Durkheim, 1965(Durkheim, /1912Malinowski, 1935). In contrast, the notion that religion fosters selfregulation and control of the self has attracted little theoretical attention (for interesting exceptions, see Ainslie, 2004;Geyer & Baumeister, 2005).…”

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Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

McCullough

Willoughby

2009

Psychological Bulletin

919

773

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Many of the links of religiousness with health, well-being, and social behavior may be due to religion's influences on self-control or self-regulation. Using Carver and Scheier's (1998) theory of self-regulation as a framework for organizing the empirical research, the authors review evidence relevant to 6 propositions: (a) that religion can promote self-control; (b) that religion influences how goals are selected, pursued, and organized; (c) that religion facilitates self-monitoring; (d) that religion fosters the development of self-regulatory strength; (e) that religion prescribes and fosters proficiency in a suite of self-regulatory behaviors; and (f) that some of religion's influences on health, well-being, and social behavior may result from religion's influences on self-control and self-regulation. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research.Keywords: religion, self-control, self-regulation, motivation, personalityReligion is a potent social force. History testifies to religion's ability to focus and coordinate human effort, to create awe and terror, to foster war and peace, to unify social groups, and to galvanize them against each other. In addition to religion's social power, however, religion is a psychological force that can influence the outcomes of individual human lives. Indeed, the range of health-related, behavioral, and social outcomes with which religiousness is associated is both provocative and puzzling.Consider these well-replicated findings. First, religiousness (measured variously as high levels of traditional religious belief; frequent involvement in religious institutions such as churches, synagogues, mosques, and temples; and engagement in religious practices such as reading scripture, worship, and prayer) has a small, positive association with longevity. In a meta-analytic review of 42 independent effect sizes, McCullough, Hoyt, Larson, Koenig, and Thoresen (2000) discovered that people who were highly religious were, on average, 29% more likely to be alive at any given follow-up point than were less religious people (95% confidence interval: 1.20 to 1.39). In a traditional narrative review of studies considered by the authors to be of high quality (e.g., studies with large, representative samples and adequate statistical control of potential confounds), Powell, Shahabi, and Thoresen (2003) likewise concluded that frequent religious service attendance was associated with a 25% reduction in mortality.Studies published after McCullough et al.'s (2000) and Powell et al.'s (2003) reviews have yielded similar conclusions in random samples of U.S. adults (Musick, House, & Williams, 2004); older Mexican Americans (T. D. Hill, Angel, Ellison, & Angel, 2005); and adults in Denmark (la Cour, Avlund, & Schultz-Larsen, 2006), Finland (Teinonen, Vahlberg, Isoaho, & Kivela, 2005), and Taiwan (Yeager et al., 2006). These latter studies have also revealed 25% to 30% reductions in mortality for religiously active people, even after controlling for reasonable sets of potential confounds...

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Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

McCullough

Willoughby

2009

Psychological Bulletin

919

773

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A estruturação do campo religioso (em parte) por meio da diferença entre "sagrado" e "profano" (Bourdieu, 1991;Durkheim, 1995).…”

Section: Dimensões Do Poder Discursivounclassified

Poder: dimensões relacional, discursiva e performática

Reed¹

2014

Soc. estado.

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Este artigo se debruça sobre o par analítico poder-causalidade com o objetivo de tecer um comentário sobre as dimensões relacional, discursiva e performática de poder. Cada uma dessas dimensões de poder está enraizada em um diferente entendimento de causalidade social: realista-relacional, disucursiva-hermenêutica, e performática-pragmática. Para os fins de uma análise empírica, será proposto um cruzamento entre esse modelo dimensional e a clássica tipologia das fontes de poder desenvolvida por Michael Mann e outros, para que dessa forma a pesquisa sociológica sobre poder se arme com um aparato conceitual mais sólido e ganhe mais complexidade e efetividade em suas explicações. O exemplo que melhor ilustra o modelo que aqui será debatido é uma imagem retirada da sociologia histórico-comparativa: a Queda da Bastilha e suas causas e consequências. Uma série de questões de pesquisa será levantada no texto com o objetivo de investigar a autonomia relativa do poder performativo. Por último, será esboçada uma aproximação entre o modelo aqui analisado e as teorias sociológicas de poder, incluindo os argumentos de Steven Lukes, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, entre outros.

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“…1 See, for example Berge 1924;Delarghy 1945;Tillhagen 1946;Ó Súilleabháin 1973;Dégh 1969 andGlassie 1995;Holbek 1998;Röhrich 1991;Kaivola-Bregenhøj 1996;MacNeill (and Shaw) 1987;MacLellan (and Shaw) 2000;Tangherlini 1994;Siikaala 1990: Rósa Þorsteinsdóttir 2005and Zimmermann 2001. 2 It is of course impossible to provide an exhaustive reference list here: nonetheless, alongside those works mentioned in the previous note see especially Lord 1960;Malinowski 1984Malinowski (first published 1922Durkheim 1915;Hymes 1977;Bauman 1986 and1992;Bauman and Sherzer 1989;Bauman and Braid 1998;Siikala 2005;and Honko 2000 (especially 3-28). See also Niles 1999;Tangherlini 1998;and Foley 2002 (and other works), and especially Kaivola-Bregenhøj 1996 (not least for an excellent review for the developments in the field over the last 150 years: 11-43).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narratives, Space and Drama: Essential Spatial Aspects Involved in the Performance and Reception of Oral Narrative

Gunnell¹

2006

FEJF

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Abstract:In the past, oral narrative tended to be regarded as a two-dimensional phenomenon largely confined to the form of the spoken or (later) printed word. Over the last twenty years, however, oral narratives have gradually gained "thickness" in the eyes of folklore scholars who have increasingly demanded that more attention be paid to the social and personal contexts that gave rise to these narratives. This present article reviews the ways in which the understanding of oral narrative depends on its physical, mental and social surroundings, noting also how the process is actually reciprocal, since while taking much from their surroundings, narratives are also capable of subtly changing the contexts that gave birth to them. Working out from the three-dimensional nature of the oral narrative performance, it is argued that much could be gained from analysing oral narratives as pieces of theatre or dramatic performances rather than as pieces of text.

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The Elementary Forms of Religious Life

Cited by 1,680 publications

References 0 publications

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

Poder: dimensões relacional, discursiva e performática

Narratives, Space and Drama: Essential Spatial Aspects Involved in the Performance and Reception of Oral Narrative

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