The embedment of fiber Bragg grating sensors into filament wound pressure tanks considering multiplexing

Application of Optical Fibre Sensors to Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials and Structures

“…The research in this field, e.g. (Foedinger et al, 1999;Degrieck et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2006;Hernández-Moreno et al, 2009;Sulatisky et al, 2010;Błażejewski et al, 2010;Glisic & Inaudi, 2004;Frias et al, 2010), shows that the best of the offered solutions is to use optical fibre sensors for this purpose, since they are characterized by resistance to electromagnetic interference, non-sparking safety, ease of integration with the structure of the composite material and high sensitivity in a wide measuring range. Such sensors, permanently installed on the surface of the vessel or incorporated into the structure of the composite material, enable the continuous monitoring of the structure's technical condition over its whole service life.…”

“…It was found that being located directly in the material structure, FBG sensors are ideal for measuring strains in composite materials and in addition, they represent a promising technique for nondestructive testing and evaluating the structural health of composite elements (Degrieck et al, 2001). The suitability of optical fibre (FBG) sensors for monitoring composite pressure vessels, especially taking into account the possibility of integrating such sensors with the loadbearing layer during the manufacture of vessels by winding, is the subject of the paper (Kang et al, 2006). The authors describe the difficulties they encountered while embedding measuring heads (made by welding FBG sensor together) in a composite material.…”

“…By comparing the reflection spectrum for the pressure vessel before annealing with the spectrum for the ready vessel one could determine the local residual strain. In all the measuring points local compression amounting to several hundred microstrains (µε) was registered, but the strains at the vessel bottoms were relatively larger (Kang et al, 2006). Then the vessel was subjected to the pressure test until failure.…”

“…The maximum registered strains amounted to 0.95% for the pressure of 2900 psi (~200 bar). Also the splitting of the Bragg wave into several peaks was observedprobably due to the displacement of a sensor relative to its optimal position fixed during winding (the sensor was not situated parallel to the reinforcement fibres), (Kang et al, 2006).…”

Integrated monitoring scheme for a maglev guideway using multiplexed FBG sensor arrays

“…There has been growing recognition of the potential use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for structural monitoring of engineering structures [3], such as pressure vessels, bridges, tunnels, and slopes. FBG sensors have significant advantages compared with conventional sensors, including multiplexing capability, immunity from EMI, absolute measurement, high temperature endurance, and they are suitable for being embedded directly into materials.…”