The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 in piglets in the Czech Republic clusters with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan

Krutova, Marcela; Zouharová, Monika; Matejkova, Jana; Tkadlec, Jan; Krejcí, J; Faldyna, Martin; Nyč, Otakar; Bernardy, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.05.006

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These observations suggest that LOAEL and NOAEL doses of ZEN contribute to subclinical pathological states, in particular those caused by opportunistic strains such as Clostridium difficile [58]. This bacterial strain is responsible for intestinal inflammations [59] in piglets and grower-finishing pigs and causes substantial losses in commercial farms [60,61].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings confirm that the growth of Clostridium difficile is stimulated proportionally to the applied ZEN dose. According to recent research [61], this opportunistic strain can lead to intestinal inflammations in piglets and grower-finishing pigs and generate substantial losses in commercial farms [60]. Low doses of ZEN could inhibit m RNA expression of both nitric oxide synthases, which decreases nitric oxide levels and suppresses inflammatory processes in the digestive tract, in particular the colon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses

Cieplińska¹,

Gajęcka

Dąbrowski

et al. 2019

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zearalenone is a frequent contaminant of cereals and their by-products in regions with a temperate climate. This toxic molecule is produced naturally by Fusarium fungi in crops. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low zearalenone doses (LOAEL, NOAEL and MABEL) on the intestinal microbiome of gilts on different days of exposure (days 7, 21 and 42). Intestinal contents were sampled from the duodenal cap, the third part of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and the descending colon. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg /kg BW, group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3. Differences in the log values of microbial counts, mainly Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, were observed between the proximal and distal segments of the intestinal tract on different analytical dates as well as in the entire intestinal tract. Zearalenone affected the colony counts of intestinal microbiota rather than microbiome diversity, and its effect was greatest in groups ZEN10 and ZEN15. Microbial colony counts were similar in groups ZEN5 and C. In the analysed mycobiome, ZEN exerted a stimulatory effect on the log values of yeast and mould counts in all intestinal segments, in particular in the colon, and the greatest increase was noted on the first analytical date.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses

Cieplińska¹,

Gajęcka

Dąbrowski

et al. 2019

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A p -value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The analysis was performed with R language for statistical computing (R version 3.0.3) [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in feces of calves of different age and determination of predominant Clostridioides difficile ribotype 033 relatedness and transmission between family dairy farms using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCommunity acquired Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CA-CDI) is a significant health problem in human and veterinary medicine. Animals are often considered as potential reservoirs for CA-CDI. In Europe, family farming is the most predominant farming operation, with a complex interaction between animals and the community. Therefore, it is pertinent to evaluate transmission patterns of C. difficile on such prominent European farming model.Fecal samples from calves (n = 2442) were collected biweekly over a period of one year on 20 mid-size family dairy farms. Environmental samples (n = 475) were collected in a three month interval. Clostridioides difficile was detected using qPCR in 243 fecal samples (243/2442); positive samples were then quantified. Association between prevalence/load of C. difficile and age of the calves was estimated with logistic regression model. Most common C. difficile isolate from calves (n = 76) and the environment (n = 14) was C. difficile ribotype 033, which was further analyzed using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) to assess intra- and between-farm relatedness.ResultsClostridioides difficile was detected in feces of calves less than 24 h old. Results showed a non-linear statistically significant decrease in shedding load of C. difficile with age (P < 0.0001). A nonlinear relationship was also established between the number of calves and the farm C. difficile prevalence, whereas the prevalence of C. difficile ribotype 033 increased linearly with the number of calves. MLVA revealed close intra-farm relatedness among C. difficile ribotypes 033. It also revealed that the between-farms close relatedness of C. difficile ribotypes 033 can be a direct result of farm to farm trade of calves.ConclusionsImplementation of better hygiene and management measures on farms may help decrease the risk of spreading CA-CDI between animals and the community. Trading calves older than 3 weeks would decrease the possibility C. difficile dissemination in the community because of lower prevalence and lower load of C. difficile in feces.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1616-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…As in humans, the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is most likely multifactorial, and thus, accompanied by co-infections with other pathogens or a predisposing intestinal dysbiosis caused by antimicrobials [13,14]. Interestingly, C. difficile is rarely detected, and infection has not been reported in older pigs, including sows [10,12,15]. It seems that any disruption of the natural colonisation process or perturbances of the intestinal ecosystem could increase the chances of piglets developing CDI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Gut Microbiota Exerts Colonisation Resistance to Clostridium (syn. Clostridioides) difficile in Piglets

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium (syn. Clostridioides) difficile is considered a pioneer colonizer and may cause gut infection in neonatal piglets. The aim of this study was to explore the microbiota-C. difficile associations in pigs. We used the DNA from the faeces of four sows collected during the periparturient period and from two to three of their piglets (collected weekly until nine weeks of age) for the determination of bacterial community composition (sequencing) and C. difficile concentration (qPCR). Furthermore, C. difficile-negative faeces were enriched in a growth medium, followed by qPCR to verify the presence of this bacterium. Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1 and Lactobacillus spp. predominated the gut microbiota of the sows and their offspring. C. difficile was detected at least once in the faeces of all sows during the entire sampling period, albeit at low concentrations. Suckling piglets harboured C. difficile in high concentrations (up to log10 9.29 copy number/g faeces), which gradually decreased as the piglets aged. Enrichment revealed the presence of C. difficile in previously C. difficile-negative sow and offspring faeces. In suckling piglets, the C. difficile level was negatively correlated with carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria, and it was positively associated with potential pathogens. Shannon and richness diversity indices were negatively associated with the C. difficile counts in suckling piglets. This study showed that gut microbiota seems to set conditions for colonisation resistance against C. difficile in the offspring. However, this conclusion requires further research to include host-specific factors.

show abstract

The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 in piglets in the Czech Republic clusters with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses

Time-Dependent Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome of Gilts Exposed to Low Zearalenone Doses

Quantification of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in feces of calves of different age and determination of predominant Clostridioides difficile ribotype 033 relatedness and transmission between family dairy farms using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis

Developing Gut Microbiota Exerts Colonisation Resistance to Clostridium (syn. Clostridioides) difficile in Piglets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About