The Emergence of COVID-19 as a Cause of Death in 2020 and its Effect on Mortality by Diseases of the Respiratory System in Spain: Trends and Their Determinants Compared to 2019

Soriano, Joan B.; Peláez, Adrián; Fernández, Esteve; Moreno, Laura; Ancochea, Julio

doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.001

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Spain, the number of deaths from COPD has decreased from 12,815 in 2019 to 11,786 in 2020, with a corresponding drop in proportional mortality from 3.1% to 2.4%. This finding was due to COVID-19 displacing distribution and the ranking of the leading underlying causes of death [22]. In Scotland and Wales, mortality from COPD through 2020 has continued the decreasing trend observed before the pandemic [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite barriers to healthcare access during the pandemic, a reduced incidence of acute exacerbations of COPD due to the reduced transmission of other respiratory pathogens has been observed [18]. In countries with very limited diffusion of COVID-19 through 2020, mortality from COPD dropped [19], while in countries that experienced huge consequences of the pandemic, deaths from COPD assessed as the UCOD did not change substantially or even slightly declined in 2020, along with the emergency of COVID-19 as a leading cause of death behind heart disease and cancer [18,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality Related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death through Different Epidemic Waves in Veneto, Italy

Fedeli

Amidei

Marcon

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Mortality related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic is possibly underestimated by sparse available data. The study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on COPD-related mortality by means of time series analyses of causes of death data. We analyzed the death certificates of residents in Veneto (Italy) aged ≥40 years from 2008 to 2020. The age-standardized rates were computed for COPD as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and as any mention in death certificates (multiple cause of death—MCOD). The annual percent change (APC) in the rates was estimated for the pre-pandemic period. Excess COPD-related mortality in 2020 was estimated by means of Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models. Overall, COPD was mentioned in 7.2% (43,780) of all deaths. From 2008 to 2019, the APC for COPD-related mortality was −4.9% (95% CI −5.5%, −4.2%) in men and −3.1% in women (95% CI −3.8%, −2.5%). In 2020 compared to the 2018–2019 average, the number of deaths from COPD (UCOD) declined by 8%, while COPD-related deaths (MCOD) increased by 14% (95% CI 10–18%), with peaks corresponding to the COVID-19 epidemic waves. Time series analyses confirmed that in 2020, COPD-related mortality increased by 16%. Patients with COPD experienced significant excess mortality during the first year of the pandemic. The decline in COPD mortality as the UCOD is explained by COVID-19 acting as a competing cause, highlighting how an MCOD approach is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality Related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death through Different Epidemic Waves in Veneto, Italy

Fedeli

Amidei

Marcon

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3 While outbreaks from other parts of the world were soon detected, their mortality appeared much higher than that reported from China. [11][12][13][14][15] Reasons for the difference in mortality could be complex, involving viral virulence, host health condition, containment measures, and other epidemiological factors. Of note, in late 2002, SARS-CoV-1 emerged and widely spread in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2, was first detected in China in late December 2019 . While outbreaks from other parts of the world were soon detected, their mortality appeared much higher than that reported from China . Reasons for the difference in mortality could be complex, involving viral virulence, host health condition, containment measures, and other epidemiological factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Clade Memory Immunity in Adults Following SARS-CoV-1 Infection in 2003

Boon

Chen

et al. 2022

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceKnowledge of the longevity and breath of immune response to coronavirus infection is crucial for the development of next-generation vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesTo determine the profile of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among persons infected with the closely related virus, SARS-CoV-1, in 2003 (SARS03 survivors) and to characterize their antibody response soon after the first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study examined SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among SARS03 survivors compared with sex- and age-matched infection-naive controls. Participants received the COVID-19 vaccines between March 1 and September 30, 2021.InterventionsOne of the 2 COVID-19 vaccines (inactivated [CoronaVac] or messenger RNA [BNT162b2]) available in Hong Kong. Two doses were given according to the recommended schedule. The vaccine type administered was known to both participants and observers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured prevaccination, 7 days after the first dose, and 14 days after the second dose.ResultsEighteen SARS03 adult survivors (15 women and 3 men; median age, 46.5 [IQR, 40.0-54.3] years) underwent prevaccination serologic examination. The vast majority retained a detectable level of antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 (16 of 18 [88.9%] with nucleocapsid protein antibodies and 17 of 18 [94.4%] with receptor-binding domain of spike protein antibodies); a substantial proportion (11 of 18 [61.1%]) had detectable cross-neutralizing antibodies. Twelve SARS03 adult survivors (10 women and 2 men) underwent postvaccination serologic examination. At 7 days after the first dose of vaccine, SARS03 survivors mounted significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared with controls (median inhibition: 89.5% [IQR, 77.1%-93.7%] vs 13.9% [IQR, 11.8%-16.1%] for BNT162b2; 64.9% [IQR, 60.8%-69.5%] vs 13.4% [IQR, 9.5%-16.8%] for CoronaVac; P &lt; .001 for both). At 14 days after the second dose, SARS03 survivors generated a broader antibody response with significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern compared with controls (eg, median inhibition against Omicron variant, 52.1% [IQR, 35.8%-66.0%] vs 14.7% [IQR, 2.5%-20.7%]; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this prospective cohort study suggest that infection with SARS-CoV-1 was associated with detectable levels of antibodies that cross-react and cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to a distinct clade under the same subgenus Sarbecovirus. These findings support the development of broadly protective vaccines to cover sarbecoviruses that caused 2 devastating zoonotic outbreaks in humans over the last 2 decades.

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“…The successive variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have appeared have posed a challenge for the scientific community, constituting a source of uncertainty for clinicians in charge of patient care and a challenge for public health preventive measures (1)(2)(3). The possible changes in the therapeutic responses of the available treatments, as well as the possible impact on the efficacy of the vaccines, have made it necessary to identify and characterize, as effectively as possible, each appearance of a new variant in order to coordinate a suitable health response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: An in-silico study evaluating spike interactions and immune evasion

Ruiz

Ramírez

Lόpez-Campos

2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe fundamentals of the infectivity and immune evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant are not yet fully understood. Here, we carried out an in-silico study analyzing the spike protein, the protein electrostatic potential, and the potential immune evasion.MethodsThe analysis was based on the structure of the spike protein from two SARS-CoV-2 variants, the original Wuhan and the Botswana (Omicron). The full-length genome sequences and protein sequences were obtained from databanks. The interaction of the spike proteins with the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was evaluated through the open-source software. The Immune Epitope Database was used to analyze the potential immune evasion of the viruses.ResultsOur data show that the Omicron spike protein resulted in 37 amino acid changes. The physicochemical properties of the spike had changed, and the electrostatic potentials differed between both variants. This resulted in a decrease in protein interactions, which does not establish a greater interaction with the ACE2 receptor. These changes compromise key receptor-binding motif residues in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interact with neutralizing antibodies and ACE2.ConclusionsThese mutations appear to confer enhanced properties of infectivity. The Omicron variant appears to be more effective at evading immune responses.

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The Emergence of COVID-19 as a Cause of Death in 2020 and its Effect on Mortality by Diseases of the Respiratory System in Spain: Trends and Their Determinants Compared to 2019

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Mortality Related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death through Different Epidemic Waves in Veneto, Italy

Mortality Related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death through Different Epidemic Waves in Veneto, Italy

Cross-Clade Memory Immunity in Adults Following SARS-CoV-1 Infection in 2003

Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: An in-silico study evaluating spike interactions and immune evasion

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