The emergence of<i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i>in farmed deer in New Zealand — a review of 619 cases

Lisle, GW de; Yates, GF; Montgomery, R.H.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2003.36341

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In New Zealand, there has been an increase in the incidence of JD in farmed deer in recent years (21), and it is estimated that the prevalence of the disease in New Zealand farmed deer herds is around 5% (8). Current methods of JD diagnosis are inadequate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin G1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus )

Griffin

Spittle

Rodgers

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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This study was designed to develop a customized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Johne's disease (JD) in farmed deer. Two antigens were selected on the basis of their superior diagnostic readouts: denatured purified protein derivative (PPDj) and undenatured protoplasmic antigen (PpAg). ELISA development was based on the antigen reactivity of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype, which is a highly specific marker for mycobacterial disease seroreactivity in deer. Sensitivity estimates and test parameters were established using 102 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected animals from more than 10 deer herds, and specificity estimates were determined using 508 uninfected animals from 5 known disease-free herds. A receiver-operated characteristic analysis determined that at a cut point of 50 ELISA units, there was a specificity of 99.5% and sensitivities of 84.0% with PPDj antigen, 88.0% with PpAg, and 91.0% when the antigens were used serially in a composite test. Estimated sensitivity was further improved using recombinant protein antigens unique for M. paratuberculosis, which identified infected animals that were unreactive to PPDj or PpAg. While 80% of animals that were seropositive in the IgG1 ELISA had detectable histopathology, the assay could also detect animals with subclinical disease. The test was significantly less sensitive (75%) for animals that were culture positive for M. paratuberculosis but with no detectable pathology than for those with pathological evidence of JD (>90%). When the IgG1 ELISA was used annually over a 4-year period in a deer herd with high levels of clinical JD, it eliminated clinical disease, increased production levels, and reduced JD-related mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin G1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus )

Griffin

Spittle

Rodgers

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Cultures were then incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 for up to 20 weeks. This culture method was used for the first two experiments, while the automated Bactec culture system (Becton Dickinson) (14,45) was used for the final experiment, where the samples were incubated for a maximum of 60 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

et al. 2005

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Johne's disease in ruminants results in chronic enteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. This study examined two M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (JD3 and W), using different doses and routes of infection, to establish the optimal time postchallenge when predictable levels of infection, gut lesions, and clinical disease occur in a large proportion of sheep. While a small proportion (25%) of sheep challenged with a low-passage-number laboratory culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain W) became infected, no infection was found in animals exposed to a high-passagenumber culture isolate of strain W. In contrast, a primary tissue homogenate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (JD3) resulted in high (90%) infection rates and gut histopathology following oral or intratonsillar challenge. The optimal conditions necessary to produce Johne's disease involve oral inoculation of 3-month-old lambs with four doses of 5 ؋ 10 8 CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated directly from the gut lymphatic tissues of clinically affected sheep. This resulted in consistent gut histopathology at 9 months and the onset of clinical disease by 11 months postchallenge.

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“…Four of these groups were experimentally infected orally with defined numbers of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms obtained from homogenized gut lymphatic tissues (4) as follows: high-dose bovine-strain group (n ϭ 16), 10 9 CFU strain 564; mediumdose bovine-strain group (n ϭ 16), 10 7 CFU strain 564; medium-dose ovinestrain group (n ϭ 16), 10 7 CFU strain JD3; and low-dose bovine-strain group (n ϭ 16), 10 3 CFU strain 564. In each case, infection inocula were administered as four one-quarter doses of the total challenge dose, given on each of four sequential days.…”

Section: Ethical Approvalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and Molecular Characterization of Susceptibility in Relationship to Bacterial Strain Differences inMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisInfection in the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

O’Brien

Mackintosh²,

Bakker³

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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Johne's disease (JD) infection, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, represents a major disease problem in farmed ruminants. Although JD has been well characterized in cattle and sheep, little is known of the infection dynamics or immunological response in deer. In this study, typing of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from intestinal lymphatic tissues from 74 JD-infected animals showed that clinical isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from New Zealand farmed red deer were exclusively of the bovine strain genotype. The susceptibility of deer to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was further investigated by experimental oral-route infection studies using defined isolates of virulent bovine and ovine M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Oral inoculation with high (10 9 CFU/animal) or medium (10 7 CFU/animal) doses of the bovine strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis established 100% infection rates, compared to 69% infection following inoculation with a medium dose of the ovine strain. The high susceptibility of deer to the bovine strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was confirmed by a 50% infection rate following experimental inoculation with a low dose of bacteria (10 3 CFU/animal). This study is the first to report experimental M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in red deer, and it outlines the strong infectivity of bovine-strain M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates for cervines.

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The emergence ofMycobacterium paratuberculosisin farmed deer in New Zealand — a review of 619 cases

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Immunoglobulin G1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus )

Immunoglobulin G1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus )

Experimental Infection Model for Johne's Disease in Sheep

Immunological and Molecular Characterization of Susceptibility in Relationship to Bacterial Strain Differences inMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisInfection in the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus)

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