The emergence of Nipah and Hendra virus: pathogen dynamics across a wildlife-livestock-human continuum

Daszak, Peter; Plowright, Raina K.; Epstein, Jon; Pulliam, Juliet R. C.; Rahman, Sohayati Abdul; Field, Hume; Jamaluddin, Abdul Aziz; Sharifah, S. H.; Smith, Craig S.; Olival, Kevin J.; Luby, Stephen P.; Halpin, Kim; Hyatt, Alex D.; Cunningham, Andrew A.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198567080.003.0013

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Deforestation for agricultural land, commercial logging, or urban development and hunting for sport, consumption, or crop protection is widespread in the region and results in loss of feeding habitat or abandonment of roosting sites. A scenario emerges of fruit bat populations under stress, of altered foraging and behavioral patterns, and of closer proximity to human populations [42].…”

Section: Nipah Virus In Pteropus Fruit Bat Reservoir Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah virus: Impact, origins, and causes of emergence

Epstein¹,

Field²,

Luby³

et al. 2006

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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205

161

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Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe febrile encephalitis resulting in death in 40% to 75% of human cases. Nipah virus is considered a biosafety level-4 pathogen and is listed as a select agent with high risk for public health and security due to its high mortality rate in people and the lack of effective vaccines or therapies. The natural reservoir for Nipah virus and related members of the genus Henipavirus are fruit bats of the genus Pteropus. Nipah virus emerged in Malaysia in 1998 as a porcine neurologic and respiratory disease that spread to humans who had contact with live, infected pigs. Research reviewed in this paper suggests that anthropogenic factors, including agricultural expansion and intensification, were the underlying causes of its emergence. Nipah virus has caused five subsequent outbreaks between 2001 and 2005 in Bangladesh. Here, it appears to have spilled over directly from bats to humans, and person-to-person transmission is evident suggesting a heightened public health risk.

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Section: Nipah Virus In Pteropus Fruit Bat Reservoir Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah virus: Impact, origins, and causes of emergence

Epstein¹,

Field²,

Luby³

et al. 2006

Curr Infect Dis Rep

Self Cite

205

161

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show abstract

“…In the case of Nipah and Hendra viruses, for example, fruit bat vectors may fly long distances to feed on cultivated fruit trees. Agricultural phenology thus plays an important role in their epidemiology (Daszak et al 2006). Feedbacks between broad-scale and local-scale influences, such as between climate trends, economic demand, and cropping systems, can have unexpected knock-on effects on zoonotic prevalence in a given region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A social–ecological approach to landscape epidemiology: geographic variation and avian influenza

et al. 2015

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Context Landscape structure influences host-parasite-pathogen dynamics at multiple scales in space and time. Landscape epidemiology, which connects disease ecol-ogy and landscape ecology, is still an emerging field. Objective We argue that landscape epidemiology must move beyond simply studying the influence of landscape configuration and composition on epidemiological processes and towards a more comparative, systems approach that better incorporates social-ecological complexity. Methods We illustrate our argument with a detailed review, based on a single conceptual systems model, of geographic variation in drivers of avian influenza in Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa. Results Our three study regions are similar in some ways but quite different in others. The same underlying mechanisms apply in all cases, but differences in the attributes of key components and linkages (most notably avian diversity, the abiotic environment, land use and land cover, and food production systems) create significant differences in avian influenza virus prevalence and human risk between regions. Conclusions Landscape approaches can connect local-and continental-scale elements of epidemiology. Adopting a landscape-focused systems per-spective on the problem facilitates the identification of the most important commonalities and differences, guiding both science and policy, and helps to identify elements of the problem on which further research is needed. More generally, our review demonstrates the importance of socialecological interactions and comparative approaches for landscape epidemiology.

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“…The complete range of bat rabies is not demonstrated. Nearly 70,000 people die of rabies every year [50], mostly in developing countries of Africa and Asia. Approximately 21,000-24,000 people (45% of the worldwide number of cases) die of rabies in SEA [51], of which India accounts for more deaths than any other country.…”

Section: Rabiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

One health: The interface between veterinary and human health

Shrestha¹,

Acharya²,

Shrestha³

2018

Int J One Health

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One Health is an emerging global key concept integrating human and animal health through international research and policy. The complex relationships between the human and animal have resulted in a human-animal-environment interface since prehistorical times. The people, animals, plants, and the environment are so intrinsically linked that prevention of risks and the mitigation of effects of crises that originate at the interface between humans, animals, and their environments can only improve health and wellbeing. The "One Health" approach has been successfully implemented in numerous projects around the world. The containment of pandemic threats such as avian influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome within months of outbreak are few examples of successful applications of the One Health paradigm. The paper begins with a brief overview of the human-animal interface and continues with the socio-economic and public health impact caused by various zoonotic diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome, Influenza, and Ebola virus. This is followed by the role of "One Health" to deal the global problem by the global solution. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary collaboration, training for health professionals and institutional support to minimize global health threats due to infectious diseases. The broad definition of the concept is supposed to lead multiple interpretations that impede the effective implementation of One Health approach within veterinary profession, within the medical profession, by wildlife specialists and by environmentalists, while on the other side, it gives a value of interdisciplinary collaboration for reducing threats in human-animal-environment interface.

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The emergence of Nipah and Hendra virus: pathogen dynamics across a wildlife-livestock-human continuum

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Nipah virus: Impact, origins, and causes of emergence

Nipah virus: Impact, origins, and causes of emergence

A social–ecological approach to landscape epidemiology: geographic variation and avian influenza

One health: The interface between veterinary and human health

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