The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces

Galembeck, Fernando; Santos, Leandra P.; Burgo, Thiago A. L.; Galembeck, Andre

doi:10.1039/d3cs00763d

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…When silicon comes into contact with water, a complex interplay occurs among the native oxide layer of the silicon surface, water molecules, and dissolved species. This interaction leads to the formation of hydration layers with oriented dipoles, accumulation of charged ions, and ultimately, the development of an electric double layer at the interface. , This electrified interface can, in turn, modulate the electrochemical potential of silicon and influence the intensity of its surface band bending …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Switchable Photo-Hydrovoltaic Effect along the Silicon–Water Interface

Li,

Sheng,

Long

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Moving boundaries of electrical double layers have shown promising capability in driving directional electron flows in solids, leading to a range of hydrovoltaic effects. The recent discovery of a photohydrovoltaic phenomenon utilizes a moving illumination zone to generate moving boundaries with different properties at the solid−water interface, referred to as the kinetic photovoltaic effect. Here, oxygen was found to act as a chemical switch to turn on and off the kinetic photovoltaic effect. Introducing oxygen would rapidly diminish the kinetic photovoltage in p-Si. On the contrary, degassing oxygen leads to a gradual recovery, whose rate can be facilely speeded up by more than one order through electrostatic gating. Mechanistic investigations of the oxygen switch behavior uncovered a dependence of surface band bending intensity of silicon on oxygen adsorption, which highlights the role of gas molecules, often overlooked, in applications based on semiconductor−liquid interfaces, such as photoelectrochemistry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Switchable Photo-Hydrovoltaic Effect along the Silicon–Water Interface

Li,

Sheng,

Long

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…As early as 1892, Lenard noticed the presence of charged droplets in waterfall splashes, a phenomenon later verified in thunderstorms and fog through advancements in detection technology . Increasingly, it has been recognized that contact electrification promotes the separation of opposite charges when two different phases touch one another. , Recent research by Wang and co-workers − and Galembeck and co-workers , confirmed that collisions between droplets can lead to charge transfer. The electrification of droplets affects the specific adsorption of water at interfaces and dipole changes, thereby altering the physicochemical properties of microdroplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Visualization of the Charging of Water Droplets Sprayed into Air

Xia,

Xu,

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Water droplets are spraying into air using air as a nebulizing gas, and the droplets pass between two parallel metal plates with opposite charges. A high-speed camera records droplet trajectories in the uniform electric field, providing visual evidence for the Lenard effect, that is, smaller droplets are negatively charged whereas larger droplets are positively charged. By analyzing the velocities of the droplets between the metal plates, the charges on the droplets can be estimated. Some key observations include: (1) localized electric fields with intensities on the order of 10 9 V/m are generated, and charges are expected to jump (micro-lightening) between a positively charged larger droplet and the negatively charged smaller droplet as they separate; (2) the strength of the electric field is sufficiently powerful to ionize gases surrounding the droplets; and (3) observations in an open-air mass spectrometer reveal the presence of ions such as N 2 + , O 2 + , NO + , and NO 2 + . These findings provide new insight into the origins of some atmospheric ions and have implications for understanding ionization processes in the atmosphere and chemical transformations in water droplets, advancing knowledge in the field of aerosol science and water microdroplet chemistry.

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