The Emerging Irish Phonological Substratum in Irish English

The Origins of Epenthesis in Liquid+Sonorant Clusters in Mid‐Ulster English

“…In most cases where comment is made concerning the origins of epenthesis in Irish English, contact with Irish is implicated. Thus Joyce (1910: 96), Adams (1948), Barry (1982), Hickey (1986Hickey ( , 2007a, Pilch (1990: 584), O h Urdail (1997), O Baoill (1997), Moylan (2009), Corrigan (2010), and Cunningham (2011) all refer to Irish influence as the likely source of the phenomenon in Irish English. For example, O Baoill (1997: 84) described epenthesis in words such as film, farm and warm as "a process that has been borrowed from Irish where it is obligatory", and Corrigan (2010: 40) states that "Vocalic epenthesis is a much described feature of Irish dialects, so its occurrence in N[orthern]I[rish]E[nglish]/U[lster]S[cots] and in other Celtic Englishes (or varieties influenced by them) is likely to be a substratal feature".…”

“…Almost every account of Irish English describes epenthesis in liquid+sonorant clusters as a characteristic feature of varieties in Ireland, at least in passing. General surveys mentioning the feature include Joyce (), Adams (), Braidwood (), Barry (), Wells (), Bliss (), Hickey (, , ), Harris (), Ó Baoill (), Ó hÚrdail (), Moylan (), Corrigan (), and Kallen (). For example, Hickey (: 145) states that epenthesis is found in “vernacular varieties throughout the entire island”.…”

Vernacularisation and authenticity in Irish radio advertising

“…In order to understand how vernacularisation may operate in an Irish context, it is important to distinguish between Irish English and standardised British English. The inter‐varietal distinction between Standard Southern British English (SSBE) and Irish English at the level of phonology for the purposes of this study is based on rhotic as opposed to non‐rhotic pronunciation, given that it is a key feature in distinguishing these two accents (Ó Baoill : 155; Hickey : 41; Kallen : 47–48). This is seen in terms of a quantitative analysis, although other features are discussed in relation to the qualitative analysis.…”

The acoustic and articulatory characteristics of Cape Breton fricative /t/

“…The fricative realization of /t/ -and often /d/ or other plosives -is a (often variable) feature of many Irish/Scots Gaelic or (historically) Irish/Scots Gaelic-influenced varieties of English including the dialects of southern Ireland (Hickey 1984(Hickey , 1986(Hickey , 1996(Hickey , 1999(Hickey , 2004Jones & Llamas 2008;Pandeli et al 1997; Ó Baoill 1990Ó Baoill , 1997Wells 1982b), Liverpool, Newcastle, Tyneside, and Middlesbrough, U.K. (Docherty & Foulkes 1996;Honeybone 2001;Jones & Llamas 2008;Marotta & Barth 2005;Sangster 2001;Watt & Allen 2003); the Shetland Islands off northern Scotland (Melchers & Sundkvist 2010); Sydney, Adelaide, Canberra and Melbourne, Australia (Haslerud 1995;Jones & McDougall 2009;Loakes & McDougall Gardner 4 2010; Tollfree 1996Tollfree , 2001 and communities in southeastern Newfoundland and in Nova Scotia, Canada (Clarke 1986(Clarke , 2010Kiefte & Kay-Raining Bird 2010;Parris 2009;Power 2010;Seary, Story & Kirwin 1968). Research on this sound has occurred in both the domains of sociolinguistics (examining the linguistic and social distribution of the sound) and phonetics (examining the acoustic or articulatory characteristics of the sound).…”