The emerging quiet revolution in Myanmar's aquaculture value chain

Belton, Ben; Hein, Aung; Htoo, K.; Kham, L. Seng; Phyoe, Aye Sandar; Reardon, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.06.028

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…But the concept of aquaculture only occurring on mono‐commodity “fish farms” misinterprets their role in many low‐income, food‐deficit countries (LIFDC), where the practice has become widely established within farming communities. Prior to the recent take off of entrepreneurial, commercially orientated pond aquaculture (Belton et al., ), there had been a long period of organic spread of low‐intensity carp farming linked to the increasingly ready availability of hatchery‐produced juveniles in Bangladesh. Using the raised, flood‐protected pond‐dikes to produce vegetables has become a de facto opportunity and the relationship between the two activities has long deserved greater scrutiny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pangas was introduced in the early 1990s in Mymensingh district, north of the capital city Dhaka, which spread to other districts of the country and rapidly evolved as one of the economically important activity with long backward and forward linkages providing diverse livelihood opportunities for a wide range of value chain actors (Haque, ). However, the emergence such commercial fish farms has occurred especially in the main fish farming area of Bangladesh and elsewhere in Asia where there are abundant water resources, communicated well to market, better access to inputs existed (Belton et al., ; Karim, ; Karim et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability and generalizability of research aiming to clarify the outcomes of aquaculture on poverty have often been compromised because they are based on case studies and/or limited in geographical scope, and are designed with variable degrees of methodological rigour (Béne et al., ). With limited exceptions (Belton & Azad, ; Belton et al., ; Hallman, Lewis & Begum,; Irz, Stevenson, Tanoy, Villarante & Morissens, ), studies that relate aquaculture to poverty alleviation do not explicitly categorize households according to their poverty status, limiting their analytical precision, while the majority of the longitudinal analyses (Hallman et al., ; Rand & Tarp, ; Thompson, Firoz Khan & Sultana, ) compare data from two time periods only, and thereby fail to capture the nuances of seasonality. A major omission has been the assumption that ponds are managed to produce only fish, rather than having become crucial to on‐farm irrigation of vegetables and fruits in Bangladesh (Pant, Barman, Murshed‐E‐Jahan, Belton & Beveridge, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impacts of integrated homestead pond-dike systems in relation to production, consumption and seasonality in central north Bangladesh

Karim¹,

Little

2017

Aquac Res

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The roles of homestead ponds and surrounding dike production of vegetables on farms in peri-urban and rural communities in central north Bangladesh were assessed.A baseline survey sought to characterize actively managed ("active") pond-dike systems, producing fish and vegetables, in terms of productivity and impact compared to less intensively integrated ("passive") and control, no-pond households. A longitudinal survey was carried out over 12 months to explore the relationship between seasonality and livelihood outcomes in relation to location and well-being status. Active homestead pond operators tended to have greater access to information and credit compared to passive and non-pond households; this was likely linked to their greater literacy and greater social connectedness. They enjoyed higher incomes through fish sales and consumed more fish than passive households, which was related to their higher production, in turn explained mainly by the use of more inputs. All active, 50% passive and 38% non-pond households were involved in vegetable cultivation; however, significantly more vegetables were produced by active households than others.The impacts of pond-dike production were more critical for food-vulnerable, rural households than peri-urban households prior to monsoon rice harvest; worse-off households suffered more prior to the "irrigated rice" harvest. Fish and vegetables raised on farm were most important during lower income months. The study supports the view that small homestead ponds can contribute to the wider food supply, and that such "quasi-peasant" forms of aquaculture contribute to reduced poverty and enhanced dietary diversity and food security in the broader population. K E Y W O R D Sconsumption, integrated agriculture-aquaculture, location, pond-dike, productivity, seasonality, well-being

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impacts of integrated homestead pond-dike systems in relation to production, consumption and seasonality in central north Bangladesh

Karim¹,

Little

2017

Aquac Res

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“…While other studies used net statistics to impute oil palm and aquaculture as drivers of deforestation in Myanmar (Primavera 2006, Stibig et al 2014, Richards and Friess 2015, quantitative accounting of systematic transitions provides unassailable evidence of mangrove clearing for oil palm, or highlight intervention needs such as improved planning concerning aquaculture expansion in mangroves. This is particularly important as economic policies in Myanmar promote private sector investments in oil palm and aquaculture (Scurrah et al 2015, Belton et al 2018.…”

Section: Mangrove Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved estimates of mangrove cover and change reveal catastrophic deforestation in Myanmar

Alban

Jamaludin

Wen

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Mangroves are one of the world's most threatened ecosystems, and Myanmar is regarded as the current mangrove deforestation hotspot globally. Here, we use multi-sensor satellite data and Intensity Analysis to quantify and explain patterns of net and gross mangrove cover change (loss, gain, persistence) for the 1996-2016 period across all of Myanmar. Net national mangrove cover declined by 52% over 20 years, with annual net loss rates of 3.60%-3.87%. Gross mangrove deforestation was more profound: 63% of the 1996 mangrove extent had been temporarily or permanently converted by 2016. Rice, oil palm, and rubber expansion accounted for most conversion; however, our analysis revealed targeted systematic transitions of mangroves to water (presumably aquaculture) and built-up areas indicated emerging threats for mangroves from those land uses. Restoration programmes facilitated mangrove gains and represent a critical area for investment alongside protection. This study demonstrates the importance of multi-sensor satellite data for national-level mangrove change assessments, along with gross land cover transition analyses to assess landscape dynamics as well as prioritise threats and interventions in an effort to develop holistic strategies that aim to conserve important habitats.

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“…Inland (freshwater) fish farming is responsible for 95% of Myanmar's reported aquaculture. The greatest concentrations of ponds are reportedly found in an area of floodplain located approximately 25–50 km west of Myanmar's largest city, Yangon, the primary market for much of the cultured fish produced (Belton et al ). Freshwater aquaculture is concentrated in a single type of fish, the indigenous carp, rohu , which constitutes roughly 70% of all farmed fish.…”

Section: Country Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkages and Trust in the Value Chain for Small‐scale Aquaculture in Asia

Pomeroy

Navy

Ferrer

et al. 2017

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The small‐scale aquaculture (SSA) sector is recognized as making an important contribution to food security, poverty alleviation, and socioeconomic development. A value chain analysis can uncover insights into the linkages and trust within a value chain and constraints and challenges that face the sector. This paper examines the linkages and trust between SSA producers and traders in Asia in order to better understand the constraints and opportunities faced by small‐scale producers. The perspective revealed by the value chain analysis provides response strategies that can enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of the entire value chain and the actors that comprise it.

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The emerging quiet revolution in Myanmar's aquaculture value chain

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

The impacts of integrated homestead pond-dike systems in relation to production, consumption and seasonality in central north Bangladesh

The impacts of integrated homestead pond-dike systems in relation to production, consumption and seasonality in central north Bangladesh

Improved estimates of mangrove cover and change reveal catastrophic deforestation in Myanmar

Linkages and Trust in the Value Chain for Small‐scale Aquaculture in Asia

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