The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications

Varesi, Angelica; Deumer, Undine-Sophie; Ananth, S. Vijay; Ricevuti, Giovanni

doi:10.3390/jcm10215077

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…We propose that the sequence during critical illness-from splanchnic hypoperfusion to hypoxia, redox imbalance, altered gut microbiome, intestinal injury, gut-related endotoxemia, pro-inflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammatorymay also contribute to explain the emergence of ME/CFS following a physiological insult. Our proposal is in alignment with others' findings that intestinal injury and resulting inflammation are central to ME/CFS (73-81) and consistent with findings linking the gut microbiome to inflammation (82)(83)(84)(85) and to fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS (86). If verified, the existence of a vicious inflammatory cycle centered around intestinal injury could contribute to explain the perpetuation of ME/CFS.…”

Section: Intestinal Injurysupporting

confidence: 91%

Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Stanculescu

Bergquist

2022

Front. Med.

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We propose an initial explanation for how myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could originate and perpetuate by drawing on findings from critical illness research. Specifically, we combine emerging findings regarding (a) hypoperfusion and endotheliopathy, and (b) intestinal injury in these illnesses with our previously published hypothesis about the role of (c) pituitary suppression, and (d) low thyroid hormone function associated with redox imbalance in ME/CFS. Moreover, we describe interlinkages between these pathophysiological mechanisms as well as “vicious cycles” involving cytokines and inflammation that may contribute to explain the chronic nature of these illnesses. This paper summarizes and expands on our previous publications about the relevance of findings from critical illness for ME/CFS. New knowledge on diagnostics, prognostics and treatment strategies could be gained through active collaboration between critical illness and ME/CFS researchers, which could lead to improved outcomes for both conditions.

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Section: Intestinal Injurysupporting

confidence: 91%

Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Stanculescu

Bergquist

2022

Front. Med.

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“…Gut microbiota alterations have been reported in several different conditions, including neurodegeneration and AD [ 364 , 365 , 366 , 367 , 368 , 369 , 370 , 371 , 372 , 373 , 374 ]. Overall, AD patients seem to be characterized by dysbiosis, a condition of bacterial imbalance with a predominance of pro-inflammatory taxa and a decrease in beneficial anti-inflammatory species [ 375 , 376 , 377 , 378 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview

Varesi

Carrara

Pires

et al. 2022

Cells

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.

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“…Although the composition of a “healthy microbiota” has not yet been defined, a balanced environment between the host and microorganisms is known to be essential to carry on the necessary immunological and metabolic functions [ 58 ]. Over the past years, dysbiosis has been reported to be implicated in the development of several disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, intestinal bowel syndrome, cancer, autoimmune diseases, depression, anxiety, PD, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other neuropsychiatric disorders [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Recently, many studies have shown that gut microbiota alterations directly influence cognitive decline, actively participating in AD pathogenesis and progression [ 36 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the potential application of FMT in AD treatment, several limitations still exist. Standardization of the therapeutic protocols, timings and length of administration, short and term risks, and inclusion criteria are all points that should be considered and addressed [ 68 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 ].…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

et al. 2022

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Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through the increasingly defined gut microbiota brain axis, opening the possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of approaches aiming at restoring gut microbiota eubiosis remain to be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize the role of gut microbiota homeostasis in brain health and disease, and we present evidence for its dysregulation in AD patients. Based on these observations, we then discuss how dysbiosis might be exploited as a new diagnostic tool in early and advanced disease stages, and we examine the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diets as complementary therapeutic interventions on disease pathogenesis and progression, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating and progressive disease.

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The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications

Cited by 44 publications

References 172 publications

Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Perspective: Drawing on Findings From Critical Illness to Explain Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview

The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

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