The Emerging Role of Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Metabolic Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Neurodegeneration

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I) is a prevalent disorder identified in the majority of the population in many countries around the world and is responsible for substantial gastrointestinal morbidity. Likewise, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis or glaucoma defined as ocular Alzheimer's disease, are associated with a large public health burden and are among the leading causes of disability. Emerging evidences suggest that Hp-I may be associated with neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, Hp-I could be a predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hp-I and its related MetS may induce gastrointestinal tract dys-motility disorders with systemic complications possibly including central nervous system neurodegenerative pathologies. We hereby explore the emerging role of Hprelated metabolic gastrointestinal dys-motilities on the molecular pathophysiology of Hprelated neurodegenerative and gastrointestinal disorders. Improving understanding of such Hp-I pathophysiology in brain pathologies may offer benefits by application of new relative therapeutic strategies including novel opportunities toward enhancing Hp eradication.

Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress

“…Moreover, PAR1 is found in specific neuronal populations and glial cells and its activation could induce neurite retraction in olfactory neurons . The latter might promote Hp access brain via the nasal−olfactory pathway which then induces brain pathologies . It is further supported by experimental studies indicating that PAR1‐deficient mice are resistant to neuronal damage and neurologic deficits in a cerebral hypoxia/ischemia model …”

“…Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, are released in Hp ‐I to increase particularly the permeability of the BRB, rendering the retina vulnerable to other harmful agents and contributing to the pathogenesis of glaucoma …”

“…The nasal and oral cavities are known reservoirs of Hp by which the bacterium translocates into the anterior surface of the eye, inducing eye pathologies . Likewise, Hp may access the brain via the oral−nasal−olfactory pathway, leading to neurodegeneration . An original study revealed Hp contamination and neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration in the HTM and iris tissue of glaucomatous patients after surgical intervention.…”

Letter: Helicobacter pylori in proton pump inhibitor‐associated biliary disease

“…2 Moreover Hp-I is involved in PPI-related disorders discussed by the authors. [1][2][3] The impact of Hp-I with biliary tree diseases has been described.…”

Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases

“…Han et al in a cross‐sectional study enrolling 587 elderly participants reported that the highest quartile of anti‐ H. pylori IgG in men was associated with impaired scores on verbal fluency tests ( β = −0.38; OR: 3.01; 95% CI: 1.42, 6.38), while no association was found with global cognition. Some authors also investigated the potential role of H. pylori in neurodegeneration by hypothesizing different pathogenic mechanisms, including a potential effect in tau phosphorylation . Nevertheless, an animal study by Zhou et al did not show any role of H. pylori in changing Thr205, Th3231, Ser396, and Ser404 sites in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which are typical markers of Alzheimer's disease …”