The Emerging Role of Neural Cell-Derived Exosomes in Intercellular Communication in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Huo, Luyao; Du, Xinzhe; Li, Xinrong; Li, Sha; Xu, Yong

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.738442

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…A lot of focus has been given to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendrocytic exosomes [ 40 – 43 ], while the utility of other EV subtypes as biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases has not yet been fully elucidated and requires further attention. Little evidence is available in the literature for MV alterations in neurodegeneration [ 44 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

Younas

Flores

Hopfner

et al. 2022

Transl Neurodegener

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Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood–brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings.

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Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

Younas

Flores

Hopfner

et al. 2022

Transl Neurodegener

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Another communication system that exists between neurons is the release of lipidbased transport systems such as exosomes from neurons following a synaptic response, that are taken up by neighboring cells [350,351]. Gabrielli et al [352] observed that endocannabinoids are secreted on extracellular membrane vesicles.…”

Section: Endogenous Receptors For Aea and 2-agmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

Sionov

Steinberg

2022

Biomedicines

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Antibiotic resistance has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of various infectious diseases, especially those associated with biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic materials. There is an urgent need for new treatment protocols that can also target biofilm-embedded bacteria. Many secondary metabolites of plants possess anti-bacterial activities, and especially the phytocannabinoids of the Cannabis sativa L. varieties have reached a renaissance and attracted much attention for their anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities at concentrations below the cytotoxic threshold on normal mammalian cells. Accordingly, many synthetic cannabinoids have been designed with the intention to increase the specificity and selectivity of the compounds. The structurally unrelated endocannabinoids have also been found to have anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. Recent data suggest for a mutual communication between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiota. The present review focuses on the anti-microbial activities of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids integrated with some selected issues of their many physiological and pharmacological activities.

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“…At present, the brain MSC-EVs, secreted by both neuronal and glial stroma cells, are recognized as versatile vesicles of communication, operative via molecules such as proteins, RNAs, lipids, and metabolites, involved in many processes: synaptic plasticity, nutritional metabolic support, nerve growth and regeneration, and mitigation of inflammatory processes. The properties of their cargoes and their membranes are largely known [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In various studies these vesicles have been shown to protect neurons from pathological processes; for example, from ischemic conditions [ 47 ].…”

Section: Role Of the Extracellular Vesicles From Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Recent Views About The Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

News about Therapies of Alzheimer’s Disease: Extracellular Vesicles from Stem Cells Exhibit Advantages Compared to Other Treatments

Meldolesi

2022

Biomedicines

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Upon its discovery, Alzheimer’s, the neurodegenerative disease that affects many millions of patients in the world, remained without an effective therapy. The first drugs, made available near the end of last century, induced some effects, which remained only marginal. More promising effects are now present, induced by two approaches. Blockers of the enzyme BACE-1 induce, in neurons and glial cells, decreased levels of Aβ, the key peptide of the Alzheimer’s disease. If administered at early AD steps, the BACE-1 blockers preclude further development of the disease. However, they have no effect on established, irreversible lesions. The extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells induce therapy effects analogous, but more convenient, than the effects of their original cells. After their specific fusion to target cells, the action of these vesicles depends on their ensuing release of cargo molecules, such as proteins and many miRNAs, active primarily on the cell cytoplasm. Operationally, these vesicles exhibit numerous advantages: they exclude, by their accurate selection, the heterogeneity of the original cells; exhibit molecular specificity due to their engineering and drug accumulation; and induce effective actions, mediated by variable concentrations of factors and molecules and by activation of signaling cascades. Their strength is reinforced by their combination with various factors and processes. The recent molecular and operations changes, induced especially by the stem cell target cells, result in encouraging and important improvement of the disease. Their further development is expected in the near future.

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The Emerging Role of Neural Cell-Derived Exosomes in Intercellular Communication in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 72 publications

References 147 publications

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin

Anti-Microbial Activity of Phytocannabinoids and Endocannabinoids in the Light of Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles

News about Therapies of Alzheimer’s Disease: Extracellular Vesicles from Stem Cells Exhibit Advantages Compared to Other Treatments

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