The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self

Chen, Wen G.; Schloesser, Dana; Arensdorf, Angela M.; Simmons, Janine M.; Cui, Changhai; Valentino, Rita J.; Gnadt, James W.; Nielsen, Lisbeth; Hillaire-Clarke, Coryse St; Spruance, Victoria M.; Horowitz, Todd S.; Vallejo, Yolanda; Langevin, Hélène M.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007

Cited by 396 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Heartbeat generation is triggered by the integral of a reference heart rate µ and a modulation function ( ), as shown in Eq. (2), where a new R-peak is generated when the integral function reaches a threshold value of 1.…”

Section: Ecg Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through interoceptive neural circuits that contribute to physiological functions beyond homeostatic control, including emotional experience. 2 The debate about the role of the ANS in emotions can be condensed into two views: specificity or causation. 1 The specificity view is related to the James–Lange theory, which states that bodily responses precede emotions’ central processing, meaning that bodily states would be a response to the environment, followed by an interpretation carried by the CNS that would result in the emotion felt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac sympathovagal activity initiates a functional brain-body response to emotional processing

Candia-Rivera

Catrambone

Thayer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A century-long debate on bodily states and emotions persists. While the involvement of bodily activity in emotion physiology is widely recognized, the specificity and causal role of such activity related to brain dynamics has not yet been demonstrated. We hypothesize that the peripheral neural monitoring and control of cardiovascular activity prompts and sustains brain dynamics during an emotional experience, so these afferent inputs are processed by the brain by triggering a concurrent efferent information transfer to the body. To this end, we investigated the functional brain-heart interplay under emotion elicitation in publicly-available data from 62 healthy participants using a computational model based on synthetic data generation of EEG and ECG signals. Our findings show that sympathovagal activity plays a leading and causal role in initiating the emotional response, in which ascending modulations from vagal activity precede neural dynamics and correlate to the reported level of arousal. The subsequent dynamic interplay observed between the central and autonomic nervous systems sustains emotional processing. These findings should be particularly revealing for the psychophysiology and neuroscience of emotions.

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Section: Ecg Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac sympathovagal activity initiates a functional brain-body response to emotional processing

Candia-Rivera

Catrambone

Thayer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Movement control relies on the accurate detection and integration of multiple sensory receptor inputs from the inside (interoception) and outside the body (exteroception). Interoception is the perception of internal bodily signals and processes (Craig 2002(Craig , 2003Craig and Craig 2009;Critchley and Garfinkel 2017;Quadt et al 2018;Chen et al 2021) and includes proprioception (sense of the position of the limbs against the trunk), vestibular sense or equilibrium (sense of the position of the body against the gravity), vasomotor flushing (e.g., hot flashes), immune activity, autonomic activity, thirst, and distension of the bladder, stomach, rectum or oesophagus (Craig 2002(Craig , 2003Craig and Craig 2009). Exteroception is the perception of external, environmental stimuli, such as visual, auditory, touch, smell and taste stimuli (Blanke et al 2015;Kassab and Alexandre 2015).…”

Section: Overview Of the Contemporary Understanding Of The Mechanisms By Which Central Segmental Motor Control (Csmc) Problems Spinal Adjmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contemporary model of vertebral column joint dysfunction and impact of high-velocity, low-amplitude controlled vertebral thrusts on neuromuscular function

et al. 2021

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Purpose There is growing evidence that vertebral column function and dysfunction play a vital role in neuromuscular control. This invited review summarises the evidence about how vertebral column dysfunction, known as a central segmental motor control (CSMC) problem, alters neuromuscular function and how spinal adjustments (high-velocity, low-amplitude or HVLA thrusts directed at a CSMC problem) and spinal manipulation (HVLA thrusts directed at segments of the vertebral column that may not have clinical indicators of a CSMC problem) alters neuromuscular function. Methods The current review elucidates the peripheral mechanisms by which CSMC problems, the spinal adjustment or spinal manipulation alter the afferent input from the paravertebral tissues. It summarises the contemporary model that provides a biologically plausible explanation for CSMC problems, the manipulable spinal lesion. This review also summarises the contemporary, biologically plausible understanding about how spinal adjustments enable more efficient production of muscular force. The evidence showing how spinal dysfunction, spinal manipulation and spinal adjustments alter central multimodal integration and motor control centres will be covered in a second invited review. Results Many studies have shown spinal adjustments increase voluntary force and prevent fatigue, which mainly occurs due to altered supraspinal excitability and multimodal integration. The literature suggests physical injury, pain, inflammation, and acute or chronic physiological or psychological stress can alter the vertebral column’s central neural motor control, leading to a CSMC problem. The many gaps in the literature have been identified, along with suggestions for future studies. Conclusion Spinal adjustments of CSMC problems impact motor control in a variety of ways. These include increasing muscle force and preventing fatigue. These changes in neuromuscular function most likely occur due to changes in supraspinal excitability. The current contemporary model of the CSMC problem, and our understanding of the mechanisms of spinal adjustments, provide a biologically plausible explanation for how the vertebral column’s central neural motor control can dysfunction, can lead to a self-perpetuating central segmental motor control problem, and how HVLA spinal adjustments can improve neuromuscular function.

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“…Interoception is defined as “the representation of the internal world and includes the processes by which an organism senses, interprets, and regulates signals from within itself” [ 1 ]. The concept of “interoceptive” was first described by Dr. Sherrington over a hundred years ago.…”

Section: Esophageal Interoception and Nociceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsaicin-Sensitive Vagal Afferent Nerve-Mediated Interoceptive Signals in the Esophagus

Chang

Undem

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Heartburn and non-cardiac chest pain are the predominant symptoms in many esophageal disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), functional heartburn and chest pain, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). At present, neuronal mechanisms underlying the process of interoceptive signals in the esophagus are still less clear. Noxious stimuli can activate a subpopulation of primary afferent neurons at their nerve terminals in the esophagus. The evoked action potentials are transmitted through both the spinal and vagal pathways to their central terminals, which synapse with the neurons in the central nervous system to induce esophageal nociception. Over the last few decades, progress has been made in our understanding on the peripheral and central neuronal mechanisms of esophageal nociception. In this review, we focus on the roles of capsaicin-sensitive vagal primary afferent nodose and jugular C-fiber neurons in processing nociceptive signals in the esophagus. We briefly compare their distinctive phenotypic features and functional responses to mechanical and chemical stimulations in the esophagus. Then, we summarize activation and/or sensitization effects of acid, inflammatory cells (eosinophils and mast cells), and mediators (ATP, 5-HT, bradykinin, adenosine, S1P) on these two nociceptive C-fiber subtypes. Lastly, we discuss the potential roles of capsaicin-sensitive esophageal afferent nerves in processing esophageal sensation and nociception. A better knowledge of the mechanism of nociceptive signal processes in primary afferent nerves in the esophagus will help to develop novel treatment approaches to relieve esophageal nociceptive symptoms, especially those that are refractory to proton pump inhibitors.

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The Emerging Science of Interoception: Sensing, Integrating, Interpreting, and Regulating Signals within the Self

Abstract: Interoception refers to the representation of the internal world, and includes the processes by which an organism senses, interprets, integrates, and regulates signals from within itself.The brain communicates with internal organs via the peripheral nervous system and non-neuronal systems.

Cited by 396 publications

References 121 publications

Cardiac sympathovagal activity initiates a functional brain-body response to emotional processing

Cardiac sympathovagal activity initiates a functional brain-body response to emotional processing

The contemporary model of vertebral column joint dysfunction and impact of high-velocity, low-amplitude controlled vertebral thrusts on neuromuscular function

Capsaicin-Sensitive Vagal Afferent Nerve-Mediated Interoceptive Signals in the Esophagus

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