The emotional power of place: The fall and rise of dominance in retail research

Consumer preferences in the design of airport passenger areas

“…They argued that these three dimensions were both necessary and sufficient to describe any emotional state. However, the justification of dominance as an independent emotional state has been disputed (Donovan, Rossiter, Marcoolyn, & Nesdale, 1994;Yani-de-Soriano & Foxall, 2006). According to Yani-de-Soriano and Foxall (2006), dominance depends on the openness of the consumer behaviour setting.…”

“…Both arousal and pleasure were measured on a 7-point (L+++, L++, L+, 0, R+, R++, R+++) semantic differential scale (Brengman, 2002;Brengman & Geuens, 2004). We left out the dominance dimension, since the justification of dominance as an independent emotional state had been disputed (Donovan et al, 1994), although more recently others have again focused on dominance (Yani-de-Soriano & Foxall, 2006). However, dominance still has a rather low alpha (Brengman & Geuens, 2004) and also considering the length of the questionnaire, we decided to leave out dominance.…”

Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance: Mehrabian and Russell revisited

“…However, since 1974 discussions are going on among (environmental) psychologists such as Russell, Ward, Pratt, and Lanius (1980, 1981, 1984, 1999 and Zajonc (1984) about the exact interpretation of the dimensions in connection to cognition and affect and the role of dominance. Whereas based on a critical review of the literature including findings from recent studies conducted in England and Venezuela Yani-de-Soriano & Foxall (2006) show that dominance is as legitimate an environmental descriptor as pleasure and arousal, in much research less attention is paid to dominance or even not at all (Russell, 1980;Russell, Ward and Pratt, 1981;Chebat, 2003;Mattila and Wirtz, 2006;Kuppens, 2008). In these studies models are used (see for example figure 1) with two axes: horizontally the degree of pleasure and vertically the degree of arousal.…”

Conquering new frontiers in research on store atmospheres: Kinetic and synesthetic qualities

“…Building on the work of Mehrabian & Russell ( 1974), the emotional state can be and often is measured by the three independent dimensions pleasure, arousal, and dominance, which is why their model is called Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (P-A-D) model. Sometimes, the dimension dominance is omitted, because although some findings suggest an independence of the dominance dimension (Russell & Mehrabian, 1977;Yalch & Spangenberg, 2000;Yani-de-Soriano & Foxall, 2006), other findings reject such independence (Russell, 1979;Donovan & Rossiter, 1982;Donovan, Rossiter, Marcoolyn et al, 1994). Finally, the emotional state leads to a behavioural response.…”

“…Some authors locate the atmosphere within the stimulus (Grossbart, Hampton, Rammohan et al, 1990;Turley & Milliman, 2000;Tombs & McColl-Kennedy, 2003;Yani-de-Soriano & Foxall, 2006;Rayburn & Voss, 2013). Babin & Attaway (2000, p. 91) even speak about the "physical atmosphere".…”