The endosonic appearances of normal colon and rectum

Beynon, J.; Foy, D. M. A.; Temple, Louis; Channer, J. L.; Virjee, J.; Mortensen, Neil

doi:10.1007/bf02555351

Cited by 86 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…From the inside (lumen) outwards are identified: the interface between the transducer and the mucosa (hyperechoic), the mucosa (hypoechoic), the submucosa (hyperechoic), the muscle (hypoechoic), and the serous layer (hyperechoic) (fig 1) [12]. The 3D investigation indicates the smooth or slightly uneven surface of the rectal wall, depending on the extent of mucosal folds.…”

Section: Normal Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Endoscopic ultrasound for the characterization and staging of rectal cancer. Current state of the method. Technological advances and perspectives.

et al. 2015

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Endoscopic ultrasound is the most accurate type of examination for the assessment of rectal tumors. Over the years, the method has advanced from gray-scale examination to intravenous contrast media administration and to different types of elastography. The multimodal approach of tumors (transrectal, transvaginal) is adapted to each case. 3D ultrasound is useful for spatial representation and precise measurement of tumor formations, using CT/MR image reconstruction; color elastography is useful for tumor characterization and staging; endoscopic ultrasound using intravenous contrast agents can help study the amount of contrast agent targeted at the level of the tumor formations and contrast wash-in/wash-out time, based on the curves displayed on the device. The transvaginal approach often allows better visualization of the tumor than the transrectal approach. Performing the procedure with the rectal ampulla distended with contrast agent may be seen as an optimization of the examination methodology. All these aspects are additional methods for gray-scale endoscopic ultrasound, capable of increasing diagnostic accuracy. This paper aims at reviewing the progress of transrectal and transvaginal ultrasound, generically called endoscopic ultrasound, for rectal tumor diagnosis and staging, with emphasis on the current state of the method and its development trends.

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Section: Normal Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly after this, the ultrasonographic anatomy of the rectal wall was described. Thus, transrectal US (TRUS) can easily identify each layer of the rectal wall, corresponding to a total of five laminae, some interfaces and some real anatomical structures, all with hypo or hyperechoic aspect [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic ultrasound for the characterization and staging of rectal cancer. Current state of the method. Technological advances and perspectives.

et al. 2015

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“…Endoscopic probes employ a high-frequency transducer (e.g., 7.5 MHz) to provide a 360° cross-sectional image of the perirectal tissues. The sonographic appearance of the normal rectal wall consists of five layers of alternating echogenicity: (1) hyperechoic superficial mucosa, (2) hypoechoic deep mucosa, including muscularis propria, (3) hyperechoic submucosa plus submucosa/muscularis propria interface, (4) hypoechoic muscularis propria, and (5) hyperechoic serosa and perirectal fat interface [19].…”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal imaging and cancer

Vining

1998

Semin. Surg. Oncol.

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“…EUS staging was performed according to established criteria (Beynon et al, 1986) using the T and N components of the TNM classification. For T3 and T4 tumours, the maximum depth of spread in mm beyond the muscularis propria was recorded.…”

Section: Imaging Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of preoperative staging in rectal cancer: digital rectal examination, endoluminal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging?

et al. 2004

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In rectal cancer, preoperative staging should identify early tumours suitable for treatment by surgery alone and locally advanced tumours that require therapy to induce tumour regression from the potential resection margin. Currently, local staging can be performed by digital rectal examination (DRE), endoluminal ultrasound (EUS) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each staging method was compared for clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness. The accuracy of high-resolution MRI, DRE and EUS in identifying favourable, unfavourable and locally advanced rectal carcinomas in 98 patients undergoing total mesorectal excision was compared prospectively against the resection specimen pathological as the gold standard. Agreement between each staging modality with pathology assessment of tumour favourability was calculated with the chance-corrected agreement given as the kappa statistic, based on marginal homogenised data. Differences in effectiveness of the staging modalities were compared with differences in costs of the staging modalities to generate cost effectiveness ratios. Agreement between staging and histologic assessment of tumour favourability was 94% for MRI (k ¼ 0.81, s.e. ¼ 0.05; k W ¼ 0.83), compared with very poor agreements of 65% for DRE (k ¼ 0.08, s.e. ¼ 0.068, k W ¼ 0.16) and 69% for EUS (k ¼ 0.17, s.e. ¼ 0.065, k W ¼ 0.17). The resource benefits resulting from the use of MRI rather than DRE was d67164 and d92244 when MRI was used rather than EUS. Magnetic resonance imaging dominated both DRE and EUS on cost and clinical effectiveness by selecting appropriate patients for neoadjuvant therapy and justifies its use for local staging of rectal cancer patients.

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The endosonic appearances of normal colon and rectum

Cited by 86 publications

References 7 publications

Endoscopic ultrasound for the characterization and staging of rectal cancer. Current state of the method. Technological advances and perspectives.

Endoscopic ultrasound for the characterization and staging of rectal cancer. Current state of the method. Technological advances and perspectives.

Rectal imaging and cancer

Effectiveness of preoperative staging in rectal cancer: digital rectal examination, endoluminal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging?

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