The Energetic Balance of Microbial Exploitation of Pelagic Redox Gradients

Jost, Günter; Pollehne, Falk

doi:10.1007/698_2011_104

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We do not have the measurements of planktonic FeOM cell density in a marine chemocline, so we have to estimate from other marine cell density measurements. Cell densities in pelagic redoxclines in the Cariaco Basin, Black Sea, and Baltic Sea range from 0.3 to 2 9 10 6 cells mL À1 (as reviewed by Jost & Pollehne, 2011). These include a significant proportion of chemolithotrophic S oxidizers; up to 27% Epsilonproteobacteria correlated with the Cariaco Basin redoxcline, while similar peaks in Epsilons were found in the Black and Baltic Seas (Lin et al, 2006;Grote et al, 2008;Labrenz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Comparisons Of Feom Fe Oxidation Rates To Bif Deposition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Cell densities in pelagic redoxclines in the Cariaco Basin, Black Sea, and Baltic Sea range from 0.3 to 2 9 10 6 cells mL À1 (as reviewed by Jost & Pollehne, 2011). We do not have the measurements of planktonic FeOM cell density in a marine chemocline, so we have to estimate from other marine cell density measurements.…”

Section: Comparisons Of Feom Fe Oxidation Rates To Bif Deposition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of microaerophilic Fe‐oxidizing micro‐organisms in producing banded iron formations

2016

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Despite the historical and economic significance of banded iron formations (BIFs), we have yet to resolve the formation mechanisms. On modern Earth, neutrophilic microaerophilic Fe-oxidizing micro-organisms (FeOM) produce copious amounts of Fe oxyhydroxides, leading us to wonder whether similar organisms played a role in producing BIFs. To evaluate this, we review the current knowledge of modern microaerophilic FeOM in the context of BIF paleoenvironmental studies. In modern environments wherever Fe(II) and O2 co-exist, microaerophilic FeOM proliferate. These organisms grow in a variety of environments, including the marine water column redoxcline, which is where BIF precursor minerals likely formed. FeOM can grow across a range of O2 concentrations, measured as low as 2 μm to date, although lower concentrations have not been tested. While some extant FeOM can tolerate high O2 concentrations, many FeOM appear to prefer and thrive at low O2 concentrations (~3-25 μm). These are similar to the estimated dissolved O2 concentrations in the few hundred million years prior to the 'Great Oxidation Event' (GOE). We compare biotic and abiotic Fe oxidation kinetics in the presence of varying levels of O2 and show that microaerophilic FeOM contribute substantially to Fe oxidation, at rates fast enough to account for BIF deposition. Based on this synthesis, we propose that microaerophilic FeOM were capable of playing a significant role in depositing the largest, most well-known BIFs associated with the GOE, as well as afterward when global O2 levels increased.

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