The energetics of rat papillary muscles undergoing realistic strain patterns

Abstract

SUMMARYStudies of cardiac muscle energetics have traditionally used contraction protocols with strain patterns that bear little resemblance to those observed in vivo. This study aimed to develop a realistic strain protocol, based on published in situ measurements of contracting papillary muscles, for use with isolated preparations. The protocol included the three phases observed in intact papillary muscles: an initial isometric phase followed by isovelocity shortening and re-lengthening phases. Realistic papillary muscle dynamics were simulated in vitro (27°C) using preparations isolated from the left ventricle of adult male rats. The standard contraction protocol consisted of 40 twitches at a contraction rate of 2 Hz. Force, changes in muscle length and changes in muscle temperature were measured simultaneously. To quantify the energetic costs of contraction, work output and enthalpy output were determined, from which the maximum net mechanical efficiency could be calculated. The most notable result from these experiments was the constancy of enthalpy output per twitch, or energy cost, despite the various alterations made to the protocol. Changes in mechanical efficiency, therefore, generally reflected changes in work output per twitch. The variable that affected work output per twitch to the greatest extent was the amplitude of shortening, while changes in the duration of the initial isometric phase had little effect. Decreasing the duration of the shortening phase increased work output per twitch without altering enthalpy output per twitch. Increasing the contraction frequency from 2 to 3 Hz resulted in slight decreases in the work output per twitch and in efficiency. Using this realistic strain protocol, the maximum net mechanical efficiency of rat papillary muscles was approximately 15 %. The protocol was modified to incorporate an isometric relaxation period, thus allowing the model to simulate the main mechanical features of ventricular function.

Temperature effects on the contractile performance and efficiency of oxidative muscle from a eurythermal versus a stenothermal salmonid

“…However, the mechanical work done per contraction can vary with contraction rate in certain preparations and/or species, and seemingly be independent of oxygen use. For example, Baxi et al (2000) and Mellors and Barclay (2001) report that the efficiency of rat papillary muscles can be dependent on contraction rate, and Harwood et al (2002) report a rise, and then fall, in net efficiency of rainbow trout ventricular muscle with increased contraction frequency (efficiency ranging between 15 and 25% at 15°C). In the present study, the efficiency of ventricular muscle from salmon and char was approximately 15% and 7%, respectively, and independent of contraction rate (P=0.95 comparing different contraction rates for char, and P=0.43 for salmon; Fig.…”