The energy and carbon footprint of the global ICT and E&amp;M sectors 2010 - 2015

Malmodin, Jens; Lundén, Dag

doi:10.29007/nvd8

Cited by 44 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The term ICT also includes user equipment connected to the networks, such as phones, personal computers (PCs) and modems, enterprise networks, data centers, and operator activities (see figure ). It matches the scope for ICT recently used by GeSI () and the scope used in a previous study (Malmodin et al ), which also describe how ICT is defined in relation to entertainment and media products and services, and recently another study (Malmodin et al ) that discuss the Organisation for Economic Cooperation's (OECD's) definition of ICT.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In Sweden, there is currently a high level of ICT penetration, and if the current networks are regarded as sufficient, the Swedish ICT CF will not grow and could even decrease in the future as end‐user devices and networks become more efficient. However, on the global level, the number of customers, subscriptions, and end‐user devices will increase, especially in the mobile sector, and thus the overall global CF of ICT will increase (Malmodin et al ). Depending on developments in Sweden, this may be the case there, too, if the number of devices used continues to increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Assessment of ICT

Malmodin

Lundén

Moberg

et al. 2014

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryThe use of information and communication technology (ICT) is growing throughout society, and new products and solutions are developed at an increasing rate. To enable environmental assessment of specific ICT products and other products that rely on ICT in some way, a more complete, detailed, and up-to-date study based on real measurements is needed. To date, similar studies have not been readily available or fully comprehensive. This study assessed the overall operational electricity use and life-cycle-based carbon footprint (CF) relating to ICT in Sweden, including activities not commonly addressed previously, such as shared data transport networks and data centers and manufacturing of network infrastructure. Specific, detailed inventory data are presented and used for assessment of the Internet Protocol core network, data transmission, operator activities, and access network. These specific data, in combination with secondary, more generic data for end-user equipment, allow a comprehensive overall assessment. The majority of the ICT network CF is the result of end-user equipment, mainly personal computers, followed by third-party enterprise networks and data centers and then access networks. The parts closest to the user proved to be clearly responsible for the majority of the impact. The results are presented for Swedish ICT networks and for ICT networks in general based on a global average electricity mix. Keywords:carbon emissions industrial ecology information and communications technology (ICT) Internet life cycle assessment (LCA) telecommunications Supporting information is available on the JIE Web site

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of ICT

Malmodin

Lundén

Moberg

et al. 2014

J of Industrial Ecology

Self Cite

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“…embedded within it. Paper [38] compared the environmental impacts of a single smartphone and 18 devices, by finding a reduction in power consumption (449 vs 5 Watts), embodied energy (1706 kWh vs 75 kWh), stand-by energy use (72 vs 2.5 Watts) and weight (26 vs 0.1 kg).…”

Section: Pm_e_rmt-eliminate Raw Materials (Dematerialization/ideality)mentioning

confidence: 99%

TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement

Russo

Spreafico

2020

Sustainability

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This paper proposes a set of Eco-guidelines for supporting designers in developing new greener products and processes. The first requirement that a guideline should have is to be sufficiently general to cover every kind of problem and at the same time sufficiently specific to bring the user closer to the solution without requiring too much personal inspiration. This balance was searched by adopting one of the most known systematic innovation techniques: TRIZ (Russian acronym of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving). In the literature, there are many examples of integrations between Eco-guidelines and problem-solving methods, but the solutions that are suggested, however effective, are not necessarily eco-friendly. To overcome this problem, the authors propose a rigorous ontology indicating how to apply a specific problem-solving strategy onto a specific part of the problem, trying to make the user aware of the environmental consequences of his design changes. The result of this work is a set of 59 guidelines. The article explains the birth of each guideline, the way in which they were adapted with respect to the known technique, and the motivation for which they should generate greener solutions, in light of the results of an experiment involving engineering students in real industrial cases.

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“…However, Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is also available online with an ever-extending range of Sustainable veterinary anaesthesia RS Jones and E West online content. Globally, information and communication technology produces an estimated 1.4% of total global carbon emissions (Malmodin & Lund en 2018). Whether there is an environmental advantage of reading a journal article online will depend on the lifetime of the device used, energy efficiency of the device, reading time and number of readers; one study estimated casual reading of academic articles on electronic devices to be more environmentally friendly than reading paper copies (Song et al 2016).…”

Section: Future Directions For Sustainable Veterinary Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental sustainability in veterinary anaesthesia

Jones

West²

2019

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Objective Attention is drawn to the potential of global warming to influence the health and wellbeing of the human race. There is increasing public and governmental pressure on healthcare organisations to mitigate and adapt to the climate changes that are occurring. The science of anaesthetic agents such as nitrous oxide and the halogenated anaesthetic agents such as greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting agents is discussed and quantified. Additional environmental impacts of healthcare systems are explored. The role of noninhalational anaesthetic pharmaceuticals is discussed, including the environmental life-cycle analyses of their manufacture, transport, disposal and use. The significant role of anaesthetists in recycling and waste management, resource use (particularly plastics, water and energy) and engagement in sustainability are discussed. Finally, future directions for sustainability in veterinary anaesthesia are proposed.Conclusions Veterinary anaesthetists have a considerable opportunity to drive sustainability within their organisations through modification of their practice, research and education. The principles of sustainability may help veterinary anaesthetists to mitigate and adapt to our environmental crisis. Due to their particular impact as greenhouse gases, anaesthetic agents should be used conservatively with the lowest safe fresh gas flow possible. Technologies for reprocessing anaesthetic agents are described.

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The energy and carbon footprint of the global ICT and E&M sectors 2010 - 2015

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Life Cycle Assessment of ICT

Life Cycle Assessment of ICT

TRIZ-Based Guidelines for Eco-Improvement

Environmental sustainability in veterinary anaesthesia

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