The energy and environmental footprints of COVID-19 fighting measures – PPE, disinfection, supply chains

Abstract

The still escalating COVID-19 pandemic also has a substantial impact on energy structure, requirements and related emissions. The consumption is unavoidable and receives a lower priority in the critical situation. However, as the pandemic continues, the impacts on energy and environment should be assessed and possibly reduced. This study aims to provide an overview of invested energy sources and environmental footprints in fighting the COVID-19. The required energy and resources consumption of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and testing kits have been discussed. The protecting efficiency returned on environmental footprint invested for masks has been further explored. The main observation pinpointed is that with a proper design standard, material selection and user guideline, reusable PPE could be an effective option with lower energy consumption/environmental footprint. Additional escalated energy consumption for aseptic and disinfection has been assessed. This includes the energy stemming from emergency and later managed supply chains. The outcomes emphasised that diversifying solutions to achieve the needed objective is a vital strategy to improve the susceptibility and provide higher flexibility in minimising the environmental footprints. However, more comprehensive research proof for the alternative solution (e.g. reusable option) towards low energy consumption without compromise on the effectiveness should be offered and advocated.

Present cum future of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its associated control of virus-laden air pollutants leading to potential environmental threat – A global review

“…Environmental sustainability is also another important perspective that has to be kept in mind while designing or manufacturing the PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) kits including masks, face shields, gloves, etc. [224] . A particular study also shows that the disinfection technology and hand hygiene associated with infection in the hospital premises can be reduced to a large extent.…”

COVID ‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities

“…It might also mean a psychological move to private cars with a lower exposure risk after pandemics 4 . Related to that have been more stress paid to hygiene, which means more antiseptic and disinfection, 5 which again means more energy and consequently waste and effluents. They are serious indications about changes in the energy supply industry, 6 which can accelerate the transition from fossil fuels to renewables.…”

Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in solution with Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant

“…Current advice focuses on increasing public engagement in essential control measures, such as high levels of hygiene in the home [17]. Virusend TX-10 can reduce the strain of demand on current hygiene product resources, to be used within private residences, communal public areas such as offices and hospital environments [18][19][20]. It can reduce viral titres on surfaces and in solution by at least 4.0log10 PFU/mL within 1 minute of contact making it highly suitable for rapid disinfection of private households and public spaces such as hospitals and offices.…”