The Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule: Modeling and Experimental Validation on Mobile Devices

Vogeleer, Karel De; Memmi, Gérard; Jouvelot, Pierre; Coelho, Fabien

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55224-3_74

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is obvious that the energy consumption curves are convex, each having an optimal frequency point (f opt ) where the energy consumption is minimized. This is consistent with previous experiments revealing the existence of the Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule for compute-intensive applications running on an Exynos-based platform in a Samsung Galaxy S2 phone [2], [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…• Our tests confirm the existence of the Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule discovered in our previous work [2]. This rule states that the curve relating energy consumption to frequency exhibits a convex behavior, with an optimal frequency that minimizes energy, for compute-bound applications.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…• We detail how our measurement setup is different from several other setups found in the literature (see for instance [2], [3], and [4]) in that they have direct access to the CPU power values. Other setups often only provide access to platform-level energy consumption, which includes the energy consumed by the peripheral devices, power management unit, GPU, memory, et cetera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We revalidate the Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule using much more precise methodology and tools than in our previous work [2], [6], which is of interest on its own. The level of accuracy achieved in this work will allow us in the future to precisely correlate the segments of a software program to its energy trace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental energy profiling of energy-critical embedded applications

Vaddina

Brandner

Memmi

et al. 2017

2017 25th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)

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Abstract-Despite recent advances that have greatly improved the performance of embedded systems, we still face many challenges with regard to energy consumption in energy-constrained embedded and communication platforms. Optimizing applications for energy consumption remains a challenge and thus is a compelling research direction, both on the practical and theoretical sides. This paper presents a new experimental bench for energy profiling of non-performance-critical embedded and mobile applications and reports preliminary results obtained on two embedded boards. The experiments are driven by an online energy monitoring mechanism using National Instruments' cDAQ and LabVIEW running on a host machine. The host monitors a target device, which runs a set of benchmarks. We describe the experience gained from using and modding two different target boards, namely an Nvidia Jetson TX1 and a TI AM572x evaluation module. In particular, we confirm, and thus further validate, the existence of the Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule for CPU-bound benchmarks. This rule states that there exists an optimal clock frequency that minimizes the CPU energy consumption for non-performance-critical applications. We also show that the gain of frequency scaling is highly dependent on workload characteristics. Any future energy-management approach should take these behavioral traits into consideration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental energy profiling of energy-critical embedded applications

Vaddina

Brandner

Memmi

et al. 2017

2017 25th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)

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“…• We have proved the Energy/ Frequency convexity rule on multi-core (instead of one core) processors [4].…”

Section: Ma Abou-of Et Al / Advances In Science Technology and Engmentioning

confidence: 93%

Power-Energy Simulation for Multi-Core Processors in Bench-marking

Abou-Of¹,

Sedky²,

Taha³

2017

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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Colored, Daytime Radiative Coolers with Thin‐Film Resonators for Aesthetic Purposes

Lee

Kim

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

142

117

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sunlight. The features of an accurate radiative model, strong selective emission in the atmospheric transparency window, and broadband high reflectance to solar irradiation are each formulated individually and then configured collectively to accomplish this outcome. Because all of the successful examples of daytime radiative coolers possess high solar reflectivity, they are white or silver in color and are thus not visually appealing, [5][6][7]9] thereby restricting the possible installation locations and limiting their net cooling capacity. Although previous efforts have been paid to incorporate colors into the radiative cooler, [26] the research only dealt with theoretical calculations without experimental demonstrations, and structural optimization of colored radiative coolers has not been performed. Here, we present concepts and strategies for daytime radiative cooling systems that involve comparable attention to engineering design but with the goal of achieving systems that offer aesthetically desired colors and patterns and functional purposes, thus enabling more widespread installation. The experimental demonstration exhibits subambient cooling behaviors under a clear sky while preserving its color. The approaches reported here can address application concepts for wearable electronic devices whose operational temperature is lowered by radiative cooling. Figure 1a exhibits a schematic of a decorative colored passive radiative cooler (CPRC) for aesthetic purposes featuring areas with subtractive primary colors (i.e., cyan, magenta, and yellow) on a silvery background, where the latter area represents a conventional daytime radiative cooler. The CPRC consists of a SE comprising a bilayer of SiO 2 (650 nm) and Si 3 N 4 (910 nm), whose thicknesses are defined by extensive numerical optimization; and a metal reflector comprising an Ag film (100 nm) deposited on a silicon substrate (Figure 1b, left). Additional photonic nanostructures were inserted below the SE to generate vivid colors at specific desired areas (Figure 1b, right), which comprised a thin-film resonator composed of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure. The MIM structure determined each color via interference in the 1D stacked layers, where the color generation was precisely controlled by tuning the thickness of the insulator layer (i.e., SiO 2 cavity) in the MIM.In this study, the MIM structure was chosen as the colorant structure because it provided minimal loss of solar reflectance and a narrow spectral width compared with other additive color filters such as metal gratings and 1D photonic crystals (1D PhC),Recently developed approaches in passive radiative cooling enable daytime cooling via engineered photonic structure layouts. However, the use of these daytime radiative coolers is restricted owing to their nonaesthetic appearance resulted from strong solar reflection. Therefore, this article introduces a colored passive radiative cooler (CPRC) capable of generating potential cooling power, based on a thin-film optical resonator embedded in ...

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The Energy/Frequency Convexity Rule: Modeling and Experimental Validation on Mobile Devices

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental energy profiling of energy-critical embedded applications

Experimental energy profiling of energy-critical embedded applications

Power-Energy Simulation for Multi-Core Processors in Bench-marking

Colored, Daytime Radiative Coolers with Thin‐Film Resonators for Aesthetic Purposes

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