We studied the influence of hypoxic-hypercapnic environment under the effect of hypothermia (artificial hibernation) C hemical composition of phospholipids that are structural components of cell membranes plays an important role in their functioning and various processes in cells. In particular, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are the main energy substrate for cardiomyocytes. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), due to their ability to increase the degree of unsaturation in phospholipid acyl chains and reduce microviscosity of cellular membranes, are very important in the regulation of membrane permeability and functioning of membrane-bound proteins. In addition, certain UFAs are precursors of physiologically active substances, such as eicosanoids [1].Modification of lipid composition, affecting the intensity of metabolism, acts as a compensatory mechanism that provides functionality of membrane under various conditions. Particularly, changes in ambient temperature, hypoxia, etc. lead to certain shifts in the composition of eukaryotic membrane lipids [2,3]. The study of animal adaptations to different environmental conditions remains current issue of theoretical and practical biology.Non-hibernating mammals influenced by hypothermia in hypoxic-hypercapnic gaseous medium fall into so-called cold narcosis or artificial hibernation state. This results in reduction of metabolic rate along with changes in bioenergetic processes in tissues and mitochondria [4,5].The main suppliers of energy stored in the form of ATP in eukaryotic cells are mitochondria. Their functional activity is provided by the inner membrane which contains components of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase that are needed to transform the energy of electrons transfer for ATP synthesis. This energy is crucial for specific cellular functions, including response formation to external stimuli [6]. The matter of particular interest is the study of the role of lipids in mitochondrial membranes adaptation to extreme conditions. Due to the changes in concentration and ratio of fatty acids, lipid composition of membranes undergoes reorganization, creating optimal conditions for preserving functional activity of intracellular organelles in particular and cells in general [7].The studies of temperature adaptation of homeotherms indicate the regulatory role of lipids in hibernation. However, natural and artificial hibernation affect the lipid composition of cell membranes of mammals in different ways [8]. In addition, existing data on the effects of low temperatures or artificial hibernation on the chemical composition of lipids in mammals tissues are uncertain.