The English Palatinates and Edward I

Alexander, James W.

doi:10.1086/385802

J BRIT STUD

1983

DOI: 10.1086/385802

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The English Palatinates and Edward I

James W. Alexander¹

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1985

1987

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“…54 Continental influence obviously inspired the creation of duchies by Edward III and probably had a place in the origin of the great medieval English palatinates. 55 John Donne reminds us that no man-read "king"-is an island. The royal person lived not in isolation from his fellow nobles, from his family, from his regal cousins and in-laws in France, from his peasants (as Richard II painfully learned in 1381), from the social and political context in which he lived and died.…”

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A Historiographical Survey: Norman and Plantagenet Kings since World War II

Alexander¹

1985

J. Br. Stud.

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If the sacred back was not always safe from family and associates in the Anglo-Saxon period, still less was it proffered in the Norman and Angevin periods. William I endured the rebellion of one son, William II an accidental death while hunting; Henry I suppressed a baronial rebellion in favor of his feckless brother Robert Curthose; Stephen's reign was characterized by lawlessness and rebellion on behalf of Empress Matilda. Henry II found his whole family actively at war against him, Richard I met his death in a political quarrel in Aquitaine, John was constrained by a rebellion of many barons to issue Magna Carta, Henry III faced constant baronial opposition to his policies, Edward I was compelled to face magnate disquiet from 1297 to 1300, Edward II was deposed (and betrayed by his wife). Edward III alone of the kings discussed in this portion of my article reigned withal quietly (after 1341) and successfully (in terms of familial and baronial opposition, at least until 1376). This is not a happy picture, but it is one that reminds us that family relations were vital to successful kingship and that a king must, if successful, be a canny politician. Unlike Rosenthal, I have chosen to limit my discussion of royal biography for the period 1066–1377 to pointing out the sources that have appeared in print since 1945 and to book-length royal biographies; no longer is it true (in the words of Sidney Painter written in 1949 that prefaced his study of The Reign of King John) that, “when I started to write this volume, there was no adequate account of the reign of a medieval English king.

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A Historiographical Survey: Norman and Plantagenet Kings since World War II

Alexander¹

1985

J. Br. Stud.

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Edward III and His Family

Ormrod¹

1987

J. Br. Stud.

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The chroniclers and poets of the later Middle Ages credited Edward III with many successes, among which the production of a large family rated highly. The king had a total of twelve children, of whom no fewer than nine—five sons and four daughters—survived to maturity (fig. 1). Historians have not always been enthusiastic about the generous provisions made for this large family. Edward's very fecundity, viewed by fourteenth-century writers as a sure sign of God's grace, has been seen as a political liability because it exhausted resources, created a political imbalance between the crown and the younger branches of the royal family, and led ultimately to the deposition of Richard II and the Wars of the Roses.It is possible, however, to view Edward III's family arrangements in a different and rather more favorable light. Since the loss of many of their overseas territories in the thirteenth century, the Plantagenet kings had come to regard their remaining possessions as an inalienable patrimony to be handed on intact from father to eldest son. Unless younger children were able to create titles for themselves in foreign lands, kings had no option but to reward their sons with English earldoms. This was not a policy guaranteed to benefit the crown: the bitter quarrels between Edward II and his cousin Thomas of Lancaster showed very clearly the dangers that might arise when cadet branches of the Plantagenet dynasty became bound up with the English aristocracy.

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The English Palatinates and Edward I

Cited by 2 publications

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A Historiographical Survey: Norman and Plantagenet Kings since World War II

A Historiographical Survey: Norman and Plantagenet Kings since World War II

Edward III and His Family

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