The enhancement of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 by induction of 96% ethanol extract of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves

Abstract

BackgroundPhytoestrogens have a high potential to overcome the neuroinflammation caused by estrogen deficiency. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant known to contain phytoestrogens. This research aimed to report the activity of a 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves in inducing activation of microglia HMC3 cell to M2 polarity, which has anti-inflammatory characteristics.MethodsThe study was done by culturing microglia HMC3 cell in 24-well microplate and inducing it with IFN-γ for 24 h to activate the cell to M1 polarity, which has proinflammatory characteristics. The 96% ethanol extract was added with various doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm. Genistein, 50 μM, was used as a positive control. The analysis of the immunofluorescence of Arginase-1 (Arg1) and ERβ as markers was done using a convocal laser scanning microscope.ResultsThe result of Arg1 shows a significant difference in Arg1 expression in the microglia HMC3 cell line between the negative control and all treatment groups at p < 0.05, with the best result at 250 ppm, whereas for ERβ, the results show, at doses of 125 and 250 ppm, that the 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves decrease the activated ERβ expression at p < 0.05, with the best result at 250 ppm. The Arg1 and activated ERβ expression have a weak negative relationship with the Pearson correlation test.ConclusionsThe 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves has an antineuroinflammation activity through the induction of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 cell, with the best dose at 250 ppm.

IL4-driven microglia modulate stress resilience through BDNF-dependent neurogenesis

“…IL4-induced Arg1 + microglia can be thought of a special phenotype of beneficial microglia ( 21 , 30 ). These cells regulate inflammatory processes in the brain and enhance neurite growth, thereby exhibiting neuroprotective effects ( 20 , 31 ).…”

IL4-driven microglia modulate stress resilience through BDNF-dependent neurogenesis

“…IL4-induced Arg1 + microglia can be thought of a special phenotype of beneficial microglia 40,41 . These cells regulate inflammatory processes in the brain and enhance neurite growth, thereby exhibiting neuroprotective effects 27,42,43 .…”

“…* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005 (two-way ANOVA with LSD test). -driven Arg1 + microglia enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in40 CMS-exposed mice a, GO enrichment analysis for DEGs. b, Experimental timeline of IL4 overexpression and/or microglial IL4Rα downregulation on NSPCs proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus of CX 3 CR1 CreER mice.…”

Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Cd, Hg, dan Pb Daun Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) di Desa Semen, Kecamatan Pagu, Kabupaten Kediri

“…Fraksi dari ekstrak n-heksan M. crenata dapat meningkatkan pembentukan tulang melalui induksi MC3T3-E1 sel osteoblast dalam proses diferensiasi dikarenakan aktivitas ALP (alkaline phosphatase) [3]. Ekstrak etanol 96% ethanol dan fraksi n-butanol dari M. crenata juga memiliki aktivitas antineuroinflamasi, salah satu penyebab neuroinflamasi disebabkan oleh defisiensi estrogen pada wanita menopause [4] [5]. Pada simulasi molecular docking senyawa dari ekstrak etanol 96% M. crenata terdapat tiga senyawa yang dipredisi memiliki aktivitas anti-infalmasi yang sama dengan 17β-estradiol, senyawa tersebut merupakan prochlorperazine, 12-Aminododecanoic acid, and 1-methyl-2-[(4-methylpiperazin1yl)methyl]benzimidaol-5-amine hydrochloride [6].…”