“…This is mainly because the increased Ca-doping leads to increased lattice defects in La 1À x Ca x MnO 3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles, and the growth of grains is inhibited, resulting in the inability of grains to grow. [22] To further investigate the The BET surface analysis was performed on La 1À x Ca x MnO 3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) samples, the N 2 adsorption and desorption isothermal curves and the pore size distribution are obtained (Figure S1). The curves of La 1À x Ca x MnO 3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) samples show a type IV hysteresis loop between the adsorption-desorption curves, [33] which indicates the mesoporous region of the prepared samples due to N 2 uptake at the relative pressure (Figure S1(a)).…”