“…Among them, the alloying method has the characteristic of simple equipment, and so the addition of the fourth element is considered to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs, with simple operation and convenient production [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Recently, some predecessors have conducted studies on adding Ti, B, Be, Mn, Ge, Co, and V elements to Cu-Al-Ni alloys [ 16 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. For example, the addition of Co can effectively increase the tensile fracture strength of the Cu-11.9Al-4.0Ni alloy from 270 to 650 MPa, and the tensile fracture strain can increase from 1.65 to 7%.…”