The enigma of the haemogram “left-shift” in periwinkles infected with trematodes

Gorbushin, Alexander M.; Iakovleva, Nadya V.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2008.01.018

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar differences in haemocyte number were previously found between uninfected and H. elongata -infected L. littorea [15]. Infection of B. glabrata with E. liei or E. paraensei also results in increased numbers of haemocytes in the circulation [41], [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The reduced capacity of haemocytes from infected snails to generate H 2 O 2 might be important for T. regenti survival, as H 2 O 2 was previously shown to be an important ROS involved in in-vitro killing of S. mansoni sporocysts [4]. In L. littorea , haemocytes from snails infected with H. elongata produce 2-fold less superoxide [15], a precursor of H 2 O 2 [4], [51]. As with phagocytosis, it is possible that R. lagotis compensate for decreased H 2 O 2 generation by haemocytes by increasing their number in the circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the gastropods Biomphalaria glabrata and Lymnaea stagnalis infected with Echinostoma paraensei [13] and Trichobilharzia szidati [14], respectively. In the prosobranch snail, Littorina littorea , infection with Himasthla elongata reduces haemocyte ROS production, which correlates with increased haemocyte number in the snail circulation [15]. Such alterations of host defence mechanisms might be caused by trematode-derived components interfering with signalling pathways of snail haemocytes [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Trichobilharzia regenti (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) on the Defence Activity of Radix lagotis (Lymnaeidae) Haemocytes

et al. 2014

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Radix lagotis is an intermediate snail host of the nasal bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti. Changes in defence responses in infected snails that might be related to host-parasite compatibility are not known. This study therefore aimed to characterize R. lagotis haemocyte defence mechanisms and determine the extent to which they are modulated by T. regenti. Histological observations of R. lagotis infected with T. regenti revealed that early phases of infection were accompanied by haemocyte accumulation around the developing larvae 2–36 h post exposure (p.e.) to the parasite. At later time points, 44–92 h p.e., no haemocytes were observed around T. regenti. Additionally, microtubular aggregates likely corresponding to phagocytosed ciliary plates of T. regenti miracidia were observed within haemocytes by use of transmission electron microscopy. When the infection was in the patent phase, haemocyte phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide production were significantly reduced in infected R. lagotis when compared to uninfected counterparts, whereas haemocyte abundance increased in infected snails. At a molecular level, protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) were found to play an important role in regulating these defence reactions in R. lagotis. Moreover, haemocytes from snails with patent infection displayed lower PKC and ERK activity in cell adhesion assays when compared to those from uninfected snails, which may therefore be related to the reduced defence activities of these cells. These data provide the first integrated insight into the immunobiology of R. lagotis and demonstrate modulation of haemocyte-mediated responses in patent T. regenti infected snails. Given that immunomodulation occurs during patency, interference of snail-host defence by T. regenti might be important for the sustained production and/or release of infective cercariae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Trichobilharzia regenti (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) on the Defence Activity of Radix lagotis (Lymnaeidae) Haemocytes

et al. 2014

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“…The majority of infected snails (active and wintering hosts of E. aconiatum or P. elegans and active host of D. pseudospathaceum) had higher hemocyte concentration than non-infected ones. Similar effects of the infection were documented in other snail-fluke associations (Jeong et al, 1980;Rondelaud and Barthe, 1981;Joky and Matricon-Gordan, 1985;Loker et al, 1987;Mounkassa and Jourdane, 1990;Gorbushin and Jakovleva, 2008).…”

Section: The Influence Of Natural Trematode Invasion On Cell Concentrsupporting

confidence: 78%

One snail – three Digenea species, different strategies in host-parasite interaction

Żbikowska

2011

Animal Biol

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The mostly lab-based studies on snail-trematode interactions should be complemented by research on naturally invaded hosts. In this mini-review, three different ways of snail exploitation by Digenea larvae are presented. Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes caused by three parasites in the same naturally infected host -Lymnaea stagnalis -differ in species-dependent fashion. The impact of a snail-trematode interaction depends on parasite virulence (i.e. parasite induced lost of fitness of the host). The pathogenicity varies with the survival strategy of the invader. Sporocyst-born Plagiorchis elegans, which uses the same Lymnaea stagnalis individual as a first but also as a second intermediate host, does not disturb host processes as strongly as redia-born Echinoparyphium aconiatum. The third parasite species -Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, also sporocyst-born -is more virulent than P. elegans, but it can modify and relax host exploitation to overwinter in the snail. The data presented demonstrate that successful use of first intermediate host can be arranged in different ways.

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“…This effect can be implemented within one hour after penetration and likely persists for the duration of the infection (Carella et al, 2013b;Coustau et al, 2008;Cheng and Burton, 1965). Hemocytes from digeneaninfected molluscs often show diminished ability to adhere to surfaces, engage in phagocytosis or to encapsulate trematode larvae (Gorbushin et al, 2008;Noda et al, 1989). Sporocysts of the trematode parasite Proctoeces maculatus inhabit the intestinal lumen of bivalves, where no host cellular response is observed unless the epithelial lining of the intestine is breached (Robledo et al, 1994).…”

Section: Defensive Response and Disease Agents In Bivalvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative pathology in bivalves: Aetiological agents and disease processes

Carella

Feist

Bignell

et al. 2015

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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The enigma of the haemogram “left-shift” in periwinkles infected with trematodes

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of Trichobilharzia regenti (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) on the Defence Activity of Radix lagotis (Lymnaeidae) Haemocytes

Influence of Trichobilharzia regenti (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) on the Defence Activity of Radix lagotis (Lymnaeidae) Haemocytes

One snail – three Digenea species, different strategies in host-parasite interaction

Comparative pathology in bivalves: Aetiological agents and disease processes

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