The enigmatic eosinophil: investigation of the biological role of eosinophils in parasitic helmint infection

Ovington, K.S.; Behm, Carolyn A.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761997000800013

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Eotaxin is considered as one of the main activator and chemo-attractant of resident eosinophils secreted principally by epithelial cells of the intestine (Mishra et al 1999). A putative inhibition of granulocytic eosinophil infiltration may be relevant for parasite survival, as this type of cells is particularly important in the defence against helminths ( Ovington and Behm, 1997). In experimental murine AE, the detected eotaxin inactivation by VF and E/S products may contribute to explain the absence of eosinophils within the peritoneal cavity of AE-secondary infected mice.…”

Section: E O S I N O P H I L Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay byEchinococcus multilocularis: a review

2009

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S U M M A R YAs more facts emerge regarding the ways in which E. multilocularis-derived molecules trigger the host immune response and modulate the host-parasite interplay, it becomes possible to envisage how the parasite can survive and proliferate in its intermediate host, while in other hosts it dies out. Through effects on cells of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, E. multilocularis can orchestrate a range of outcomes that are beneficial not only to the parasite, in terms of facilitating its intrahepatic proliferation and maturation, and thus life cycle over all, but also to its intermediate host, in limiting pathology. The present review deals with the role of metacestode surface molecules as well as excretory/secretory (E/S) metabolic products of the parasite in the modulation of the host responses such as to optimize its own survival.

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Section: E O S I N O P H I L Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay byEchinococcus multilocularis: a review

2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the data for the use of monoclonal antibodies to IL-5 seem to contradict those from transgenic mice (4,12,29,35) and gene knockout mice (24,25). In these cases, an allogenic response may have been induced by the monoclonal antibody treatment, explaining the inhibition of bioactivity (24). Among all these studies, evidence for a protective role of IL-5 and eosinophils is only provided with intestinal nematodes of the Secernentea group (Table 3): Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection decreases in IL-5 transgenic mice (8), and Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection increases in IL-5 knockout mice (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drastic Reduction of a Filarial Infection in Eosinophilic Interleukin-5 Transgenic Mice

et al. 2000

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In order to establish the role of eosinophils in destroying parasites, transgenic mice have been used in experimental helminthiases but not in filariasis. Litomosoides sigmodontis offers a good opportunity for this study because it is the only filarial species that completes its life cycle in mice. Its development was compared in transgenic CBA/Ca mice overexpressing interleukin-5 (IL-5) and in wild-type mice following subcutaneous inoculation of 40 infective larvae. An acceleration of larval growth was observed in the IL-5 transgenic mice. However, the recovery rate of adult worms was considerably reduced in these mice, as evidenced 2 months postinoculation (p.i.). The reduction occurs between days 10 and 30 p.i. in the coelomic cavities. As early as day 10, spherical aggregates of eosinophils and macrophages are seen attached on live developing larvae (always similarly localized on the worm) in both wild-type and transgenic mice. However, on day 60 p.i., granulomas were found in the transgenic mice only, probably because of the higher density of eosinophils. Furthermore, on day 30 p.i., young filariae are seen trapped in granulomas, some of them surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli deposits, which illustrates the release of the major basic protein by eosinophils. The high protection rate obtained (65%) is similar to that observed previously in BALB/c mice following vaccination with irradiated larvae. Both protocols have a common factor, the high production of IL-5 and eosinophilia. However, protection occurs later in primary infected transgenic mice because specific antibodies are not yet present at the time of challenge.

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“…Previous reports showed that IL-5 knockout mice, in which eosinophils could not be induced with a helminth infection, enhanced the fecundity of H. polygyrus and that these mice could induce mast cells and other leukocytes [12,13]. These reports suggested that eosinophils also have the ability to protect against H. polygyrus infection.…”

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confidence: 98%

Enhanced Protection against Heligmosomoides polygyrus in IL-2 Receptor .BETA.-Chain Overexpressed Transgenic Mice with Intestinal Mastocytosis

Morimoto

Utsumiya

2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. IL-2 receptor -chain overexpressed transgenic (Tg2R) mice lack NK cells, but the development of other lymphocyte subsets and macrophages remained apparently intact. These mice also exhibit intestinal mastocytosis. Helminth infection induces various immune responses, such as mast cells, goblet cells, eosinophils and IgE, mediated by Th2 cytokines. IL-4 is also important in the regulation of resistance and susceptibility to Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. However, there are contradictory results about the relation between resistance to H. polygyrus and intestinal mastocytosis. The present study showed that Tg2R mice suppressed worm fecundity with mastocytosis without an increase of the levels of goblet cells, eosinophils and IgE compared with control mice. These results clearly indicated that mast cells have the ability for to protect against H. polygyrus infection. However, additional studies are required to evaluate protective effector mechanisms against H. polygyrus. IL-2 receptor -chain overexpressed transgenic (Tg2R) mice lack NK cells, but the development of other lymphocyte subsets and macrophages remained apparently intact [14]. We found that Tg2R mice represent intestinal mastocytosis and globule leukocytes without any inflammation in a normal state (Fig. 1). Although the mechanisms of mast cell hypertrophy and the relationship of NK cell deficiency and mast cell increment have been unknown in this transgenic mouse, this is the only mouse that represents intestinal mastocytosis without any pathological stimuli. So, this transgenic mouse is a useful animal model for investigating mast cell function. Helminth infections induce various immune responses such as marked IgE antibody production, peripheral blood eosinophilia, intestinal mucosal mastocytosis and a hyperplasia of intestinal goblet cells, and these immunological responses have the protective effects against helminth [4,7,8]. However, protection against each parasite is through considerably different mechanisms [3,6]. Contradictory results have been reported about the relation between resistance to Heligmosomoides polygyrus and intestinal mastocytosis [1, 2, 5], and the specific effector mechanisms mediating worm expulsion remain unknown [1,15]. In the present study, we investigated the protective ability against H. polygyrus of Tg2R mice, in which mast cells are increased without inflammation.To obtain Tg2R mice, male Tg2R and female C57BL/ 6J (B6) were mated, and each offspring was verified to be a transgenic mouse by a PCR method, as described previously [10,14]. Transgenic and wild-type litter mate mice were used. Autoclaved pellets (MF; Oriental Yeast, Tokyo, Japan) and water were supplied ad libitum. All animals were handled under the regulations for animal welfare of Yamaguchi University. Groups of more than five mice of the same age and approximately the same weight were used for each experiment. H. polygyrus was maintained by serial passage in mice, as described previously [9]. Both groups of mice were inoculated ora...

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The enigmatic eosinophil: investigation of the biological role of eosinophils in parasitic helmint infection

Abstract: In many helminth infected hosts the number of eosinophils increases dramatically

Cited by 51 publications

References 62 publications

Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay byEchinococcus multilocularis: a review

Triggering and modulation of the host-parasite interplay byEchinococcus multilocularis: a review

Drastic Reduction of a Filarial Infection in Eosinophilic Interleukin-5 Transgenic Mice

Enhanced Protection against Heligmosomoides polygyrus in IL-2 Receptor .BETA.-Chain Overexpressed Transgenic Mice with Intestinal Mastocytosis

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