The enigmatic fast leaflet rotation in<i><i>Desmodium motorium</i></i>

Lev‐Yadun, Simcha

doi:10.4161/psb.24473

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A well known classic case of defensive masquerade by plants that was not considered to be masquerade is that of egg mimicry by various plant taxa that causes female butterflies to consider these plants as occupied and look for another egg‐laying site (Williams & Gilbert, ; Shapiro, , b). Some of the recent proposals that also seem to fit into this category are ant, aphid and caterpillar mimicry (Lev‐Yadun & Inbar, ), visual bee or wasp mimicry by orchid flowers for the sake of defence (Lev‐Yadun & Ne'eman, ) that operates simultaneously with olfactory bee mimicry for the sake of pollination (Schiestl, ), and the enigmatic fast leaflet rotation in Desmodium motorium proposed to mimic butterfly or other winged arthropods (Lev‐Yadun, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive masquerade by plants

Lev‐Yadun

2014

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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The defensive strategy known as masquerade, or camouflage without crypsis (a type of deception that partly overlaps mimicry) has received little scientific attention in animals, and concerning plants even less. Moreover, when cases of masquerade were described in plants, they were considered as camouflage or other types of defence through mimicry. Masquerade (including in plants) may operate not only through vision, but also via other senses. Here I review several types of published cases of masquerade in plants, although they were not defined as such when published, and propose that there are two different types of masquerade in plants: (1) non-plant-mimicking defensive masquerade, in which they look (or smell) like uninteresting objects to herbivores (look like a stone or an animal, or smell like droppings or carrion, etc.), and (2) plant-mimicking defensive masquerade, in which plants or plant parts do not look appealing for herbivores, not being green, looking dead or old, harbouring insects, already attacked, less nutritious, etc. Defensive masquerade by plants may in many cases be non-exclusive, but serve additional physiological and defensive functions or operate simultaneously with other defences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensive masquerade by plants

Lev‐Yadun

2014

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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“…25 Interestingly, aposematic caterpillar mimicry is also performed by nestlings of the Amazonian birds Laniocera hypopyrra and Laniisoma elegans in order to reduce predation. 26,27 Caterpillar mimicry as defense from herbivory is part of a larger phenomenon of visual, e.g., 24,25,[28][29][30][31][32] and chemical 33 animal mimicry as defense from herbivory. It is interesting that while the young partly transparent pods of Lathyrus ochrus, Pisum elatius and P. humile seem to mimic caterpillars because they are partly transparent (e.g., Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partly transparent young legume pods: Do they mimic caterpillars for defense and simultaneously enable better photosynthesis?

Lev‐Yadun

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…Plants were proposed to cause false satiation by various molecules, 35 and to intimidate herbivores visually and chemically by aposematism 36 and possibly even by movement. 37 For instance, when thorny branches and spiny leaves move in the wind, they are actually "patrolling," and will hit anything positioned in their way and inflict wounds on large herbivores that enter their territory. Similarly, when such branches and leaves are bent by a large moving animal, they often return quickly and forcefully to their original position, stabbing the herbivores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plants are not sitting ducks waiting for herbivores to eat them

Lev‐Yadun

2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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There is a common attitude toward plants, accordingly, plants are waiting around to be found and eaten by herbivores. This common approach toward plants is a great underestimation of the huge and variable arsenal of defensive plant strategies. Plants do everything evolution has allowed them to do in order not to be eaten. Therefore, plants are not sitting ducks and many plants outsmart and even exploit many invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores and carnivores for pollination and for seed dispersal, and even carnivores and parasitoids for defense.

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The enigmatic fast leaflet rotation inDesmodium motorium

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Defensive masquerade by plants

Defensive masquerade by plants

Partly transparent young legume pods: Do they mimic caterpillars for defense and simultaneously enable better photosynthesis?

Plants are not sitting ducks waiting for herbivores to eat them

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