The Enlarging View of Hexacarbon Neurotoxicity

Spencer, Peter S.; Schaumburg, Herbert H.; Sabri, Mohammad I.; Veronesi, Bellina; DiVincenzo, G.D.

doi:10.3109/10408448009037489

Cited by 230 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Changes in glucose metabolism, as measured by GUR, thus reflected histopathological findings of 2,5-HD neuropathy. Further study is required to elucidate which of the effects of 2,5-HD on glycolytic enzymes [15][16][17][18][19][20] is most strongly related to the decrease of GUR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although pyrrole-mediated crosslinking of neurofilament proteins by 2,5-HD probably initiates the accumulation of neurofilaments 1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] , a bulk of investigations [15][16][17][18][19][20] suggested that a direct effect of 2,5-HD on the nervous tissue is the inhibition of enzymes in glycolysis, leading to studies on glucose utilization rate (GUR, the rate of glucose utilization in the tissue) in experimental 2,5-HD poisoning. Griffiths et al 21) observed reduction in GUR in the superior colliculus of rats exposed to 0.5% 2,5-HD in drinking water for 3 weeks, preceding the morphological changes in the optic pathways to the superior colliculs which were seen after 5 weeks of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decrease of Glucose Utilization Rate in the Spinal Cord of Experimental 2,5-Hexanedione Poisoning Rats. Application of Microdetermination Technique.

et al. 2000

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To examine the effects of 2,5-hexanedione (HD) on the glucose metabolism in the spinal cord, glucose utilization rate (GUR) and distribution volume of glucose (DV) were measured in the white matter and anterior horn of the spinal cord in 8 rats exposed to HD for 4 weeks and in 10 control rats. The GUR and DV were determined by the quantitative microdetermination method using non-tracer 2-deoxyglucose based on the three-compartments model of Sokoloff. GURs in the white matter and anterior horn and DV in the anterior horn in the HD-exposed rats were significantly lower than those in the control rats. In the multiple regression analysis, GUR in the white matter of HD-exposed rats was significantly related to blood HD concentration. It is suggested that the decrease of GUR in the white matter is a major effect of HD in the spinal cord.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease of Glucose Utilization Rate in the Spinal Cord of Experimental 2,5-Hexanedione Poisoning Rats. Application of Microdetermination Technique.

et al. 2000

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“…The n-hexane concentration in inhaled air could be very high in such cases. Inhalation of pure n-hexane for 10 min at a concentration of 18000 mg/rrr' results in giddiness and narcosis (2). In most cases glue sniffers have, however, not inhaled pure n-hexane but rather mixtures of solvents containing varying fractions of n-hexane .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem has been extensively reviewed (1,2). The toxicity is caused by the common metabolite 2,5-he xan edione .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyneuropathy possibly caused by 30 years of low exposure to n-hexane.

Barregård¹,

Sällsten²,

Nordborg³

et al. 1991

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Some solvents have well-established neurotoxic effects, including dizziness, loss of consciousness, behavioral abnormalities, and peripheral neuropathy. 1,2) Certain solvents may cause motor system abnormalities. 3) Internationally, CTE is a recognized and established condition that results from immoderate occupational exposure to solvents via inhalation or skin contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Alteration according to Cognitive Load on Working Memory by Organic-Solvent Exposures

et al. 2015

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cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Organic solvents are known toxic effects like vertigo, behavioral obstacle, distracting, and peripheral neuropathy in neuron areas. However, there have been few studies how neurotoxic solvents-exposed workers are affected by the cognitive load of preceding working memory tasks. Therefore, we used fMRI as to measure the neural correlates of working memory impairment in occupational workers who had from chronic exposure to organic solvent. Twenty-nine solvent-exposed workers were included in this study. Each participant concluded the verbal N-back tasks (1-and 2-back) during the fMRI acquisition. Within-group analyses showed fronto-parietal networks were active in each condition. Direct comparisons between 1-and 2-back showed higher activation during the 2-back than 1-back. We found that increased activation of these regions at lower task demand is associated with increased cost of implementing.

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The Enlarging View of Hexacarbon Neurotoxicity

Cited by 230 publications

References 96 publications

Decrease of Glucose Utilization Rate in the Spinal Cord of Experimental 2,5-Hexanedione Poisoning Rats. Application of Microdetermination Technique.

Decrease of Glucose Utilization Rate in the Spinal Cord of Experimental 2,5-Hexanedione Poisoning Rats. Application of Microdetermination Technique.

Polyneuropathy possibly caused by 30 years of low exposure to n-hexane.

The Neural Alteration according to Cognitive Load on Working Memory by Organic-Solvent Exposures

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