Objectives: Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery depicts a severe clinical problem that is strongly associated with adverse short-and long-term outcome. We analyzed two common genetic polymorphisms that have previously been linked to renal failure and inflammation, and have been supposed to be associated with cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods: A total of 1415 consecutive patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery with CPB at our institution were prospectively enrolled. Patients were genotyped for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE E2,E3,E4) (rs429358 and rs7412) and TNF-a-308 G4A (rs1800629). Results: Demographic characteristics and procedural data revealed no significant differences between genotypes. No association between ApoE (E2,E3,E4) and TNF-a-308 G4A genotypes and the RIFLE criteria could be detected. Several multiple linear regression analyses for postoperative creatinine increase revealed highly significant associations for aortic cross clamp time (p50.001), CPB-time (p50.001), norepinephrine (p50.001), left ventricular function (p ¼ 0.004) and blood transfusion (p50.001). No associations were found for ApoE (E2,E3,E4) and TNF-a-308 G4A genotypes or baseline creatinine. When the sample size is 1415, the multiple linear regression test of R 2 ¼ 0 for seven covariates assuming normal distribution will have at least 99% power with significance level 0.05 to detect an R 2 of 0.108 or 0.107 as observed in the data. Conclusions: ApoE (E2,E3,E4) polymorphism and the TNF-a-308 G4A polymorphism are not associated with renal injury after CPB.