The enteroendocrine “letter cells” – time for a new nomenclature?

Helander, Herbert F.; Fändriks, Lars

doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.638391

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The present review outlines the evidence that a majority of EECs contain several hormones and that the one cell-one hormone concept is untenable, as other authors have also concluded (Helander and Fändriks 2012; Drucker 2015; Gribble and Reimann 2016). We also review evidence that, at a subcellular level, hormones are commonly concentrated in separate vesicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Fothergill

Furness

2018

Histochem Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteroendocrine cells were historically classified by a letter code, each linked to a single hormone, deduced to be the only hormone produced by the cell. One type, the L cell, was recognised to store and secrete two products, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-related peptides. Many other exceptions to the one cell – one hormone classifications have been reported over the last 40 years or so, and yet the one hormone dogma has persisted. In the last 6 years, a plethora of data has appeared that makes the concept unviable. Here we describe the evidence that multiple hormone transcripts and their products reside in single cells and evidence that the hormones are often, but not always, processed into separate storage vesicles. It has become clear that most enteroendocrine cells contain multiple hormones. For example, most secretin cells contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and in mouse many of these also contain cholecystokinin (CCK). Furthermore, CCK cells also commonly store ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), neurotensin, and PYY. Several hormones, for example secretin and 5-HT, are in separate storage vesicles at a subcellular level. Hormone patterns can differ considerably between species. Another complication is that relative levels of expression vary substantially. This means that data are significantly influenced by the sensitivities of detection techniques. For example, a hormone that can be detected in storage vesicles by super-resolution microscopy may not be above threshold for detection by conventional fluorescence microscopy. New nomenclature for cell clusters with common attributes will need to be devised and old classifications abandoned.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Fothergill

Furness

2018

Histochem Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ECs are a highly specialized mucosal cell subpopulation which accounts for 16 distinct cell types and form the largest and probably most important diffuse endocrine systems in the body, which is responsible for many functions, including regulation of digestion, motility, and food intake in fishes (Ahlman & Nilsson, ; Takei & Loretz, ; Helander & Fändriks, ). In teleost fishes, these peptide hormones produced by the gut also act as an important peripheral sensory information source to hypothalamic center involved in feeding intake (reviewed by Volkoff, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of goblet and endocrine cells in the intestine: A comparative study in Amazonian freshwater Tambaqui and hybrid catfish

Pereira

Nebo

Naves

et al. 2019

Journal of Morphology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Goblet cells (GCs) and endocrine cells (ECs) play an important role in intestine physiology, and few studies currently exist for Amazonian fishes. This study aimed to quantify the distribution of GCs and ECs producing cholecystokinin‐8 and neuropeptide Y, assessed by mucin histochemistry and peptides immunohistochemistry, in the intestine of two Amazonian species with different feeding habits Tambaqui (Colossosoma macropomum) and hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus), an omnivore and carnivore, respectively. A systematic literature review correlating feeding habit and GC and EC distribution was also included to contribute to the comparative study. The results of this study provided novel information about the gut cells of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish. Both, GCs and ECs can be found sweeping the entire intestine of Tambaqui and hybrid catfish although the cells can be more concentrated in certain segments. The GCs and ECs in Tambaqui were more uniformly distributed in the midgut segments (T1, T2, and T3). Unlike, in hybrid catfish GCs were more concentrated in the hindgut (C4) and ECs mainly in the two midgut segments (C1 and C2) of hybrid catfish. Based on the comparison between Tambaqui, hybrid catfish, and other fishes in the literature review, we suggest that cell distribution can be partially explained by feeding habits, carnivorous vs. omnivorous.

show abstract

“…GLUT2 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells, especially in L-cells [5]. L-cells express nutrient transporters and receptors that can sense luminal nutrients at their apical membrane and thereby influence their own functions [6], [7]. Enteroendocrine cells are scattered in the intestinal epithelium and constitute the largest population of hormone-producing cells of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal invalidation of the glucose transporter GLUT2 delays tissue distribution of glucose and reveals an unexpected role in gut homeostasis

Schmitt

Aranias

Viel

et al. 2017

Molecular Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveIntestinal glucose absorption is orchestrated by specialized glucose transporters such as SGLT1 and GLUT2. However, the role of GLUT2 in the regulation of glucose absorption remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsWe wanted to evaluate the role of GLUT2 on glucose absorption and glucose homeostasis after intestinal-specific deletion of GLUT2 in mice (GLUT2ΔIEC mice).ResultsAs anticipated, intestinal GLUT2 deletion provoked glucose malabsorption as visualized by the delay in the distribution of oral sugar in tissues. Consequences of intestinal GLUT2 deletion in GLUT2ΔIEC mice were limiting body weight gain despite normal food intake, improving glucose tolerance, and increasing ketone body production. These features were reminiscent of calorie restriction. Other adaptations to intestinal GLUT2 deletion were reduced microvillus length and altered gut microbiota composition, which was associated with improved inflammatory status. Moreover, a reduced density of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) positive cells was compensated by increased GLP-1 content per L-cell, suggesting a preserved enteroendocrine function in GLUT2ΔIEC mice.ConclusionsIntestinal GLUT2 modulates glucose absorption and constitutes a control step for the distribution of dietary sugar to tissues. Consequently, metabolic and gut homeostasis are improved in the absence of functional GLUT2 in the intestine, thus mimicking calorie restriction.

show abstract

The enteroendocrine “letter cells” – time for a new nomenclature?

Cited by 29 publications

References 90 publications

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme

Distribution of goblet and endocrine cells in the intestine: A comparative study in Amazonian freshwater Tambaqui and hybrid catfish

Intestinal invalidation of the glucose transporter GLUT2 delays tissue distribution of glucose and reveals an unexpected role in gut homeostasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About