The entorhinal cortex of the Megachiroptera: a comparative study of Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat and the straw-coloured fruit bat

Gatome, Catherine W; Slomianka, Lutz; Mwangi, D. K.; Lipp, Hans‐Peter; Amrein, Irmgard

doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0239-z

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…10%) in granule cell numbers in adult fruit bats, despite the large range of ages contributing to our animal sample. We did expect higher numbers of granule cells in fruit bats, because the hippocampal size index in a sister species of Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat is by a factor of two larger than that of rats and corresponds well to that of primates [Gatome et al, 2010]. However, the mean number of granule cells in adult fruit bats of 950,000 is below the reported total granule cells of 1,200,000 in rats [West et al, 1991;Rapp and Gallagher, 1996].…”

Section: Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Left hemispheres were processed as described in detail by Gatome et al [2010]. Briefly, tissue was dehydrated, infiltrated and embedded with glycol methylacrylate solution (Technovit 7100; Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fruit bats have the largest hippocampus among the Chiroptera [Baron et al, 1996b;Hutcheon et al, 2002], and its functional relevance has been linked to the use of complex habitats and large territories [Safi and Dechmann, 2005], high demands for spatiotemporal memory processing in locating food sources [Hutcheon et al, 2002] and high alertness needed for species roosting in open space [Baron et al, 1996a]. The efficiency of hippocampal processing in Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat is not mirrored in high numbers of resident or newly born granule cells, but might be linked to other cellular adjustments such as a highly differentiated entorhinal cortex [Gatome et al, 2010].…”

Section: Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cortical Cellular Plasticity in Wahlberg’s Epauletted Fruit Bat: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study

et al. 2010

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Species-specific characteristics of neuronal plasticity emerging from comparative studies can address the functional relevance of hippocampal or cortical plasticity in the light of ecological adaptation and evolutionary history of a given species. Here, we present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of neurogenesis in young and adult free-living Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bats. Using the markers for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX) and polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), our findings in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortical regions are described and compared to reports in other mammals. Expressed as a percentage of the total number of granule cells, PCNA- and BrdU-positive cells accounted for 0.04 in young to 0.01% in adult animals; DCX-positive cells for 0.05 (young) to 0.01% (adult); PSA-NCAM-positive cells for 0.1 (young) to 0.02% (adult), and pyknotic cells for 0.007 (young) to 0.005% (adult). The numbers were comparable to other long-lived, late-maturing mammals such as primates. A significant increase in the total granule cell number from young to adult animals demonstrated the successful formation and integration of new cells. In adulthood, granule cell number appeared stable and was surprisingly low in comparison to other species. Observations in the olfactory bulb and rostral migratory stream were qualitatively similar to descriptions in other species. In the ventral horn of the lateral ventricle, we noted prominent expression of DCX and PSA-NCAM forming a temporal migratory stream targeting the piriform cortex, possibly reflecting the importance of olfaction to these species. Low, but persistent hippocampal neurogenesis in non-echolocating fruit bats contrasted the findings in echolocating microbats, in which hippocampal neurogenesis was largely absent. Together with the observed intense cortical plasticity in the olfactory system of fruit bats we suggest a differential influence of sensory modalities on hippocampal and cortical plasticity in this mammalian order.

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Section: Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cortical Cellular Plasticity in Wahlberg’s Epauletted Fruit Bat: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study

et al. 2010

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“…Twenty μm horizontal sections were cut and Giemsa-stained (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in 67 mmol KH 2 PO 4 solution for 40 min at room temperature, differentiated in KH 2 PO 4 for 90 s, dehydrated and cover-slipped. Mossy fiber terminals were Timm-stained following the procedure described before (Gatome et al, 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat-specific shaping of proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of wild rodents

Cavegn¹,

Dijk²,

Menges³

et al. 2013

Front. Neurosci.

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Daily life of wild mammals is characterized by a multitude of attractive and aversive stimuli. The hippocampus processes complex polymodal information associated with such stimuli and mediates adequate behavioral responses. How newly generated hippocampal neurons in wild animals contribute to hippocampal function is still a subject of debate. Here, we test the relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and habitat types. To this end, we compare wild Muridae species of southern Africa [Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis), red veld rat (Aethomys chrysophilus), highveld gerbil (Tatera brantsii), and spiny mouse (Acomys spinosissimus)] with data from wild European Muridae [long-tailed wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), pygmy field mice (Apodemus microps), yellow-necked wood mice (Apodemus flavicollis), and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)] from previous studies. The pattern of neurogenesis, expressed in normalized numbers of Ki67- and Doublecortin(DCX)-positive cells to total granule cells (GCs), is similar for the species from a southern African habitat. However, we found low proliferation, but high neuronal differentiation in rodents from the southern African habitat compared to rodents from the European environment. Within the African rodents, we observe additional regulatory and morphological traits in the hippocampus. Namaqua rock mice with previous pregnancies showed lower AHN compared to males and nulliparous females. The phylogenetically closely related species (Namaqua rock mouse and red veld rat) show a CA4, which is not usually observed in murine rodents. The specific features of the southern environment that may be associated with the high number of young neurons in African rodents still remain to be elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that a habitat can shape adult neurogenesis in rodents across phylogenetic groups.

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“…In our comparative analysis of entorhinal architecture, we identified the entorhinal cortex based on previous publications for bats (Schneider, 1966;Gatome et al, 2010;Yartsev et al, 2011), rodents (Blackstad, 1956;van Groen, 2001;Kjonigsen et al, 2011;Boccara et al, 2015), and humans (Sgonina, 1938;Insausti et al, 1995) and on our own work on the Etruscan shrew (Naumann et al, 2012). The remarkably different sizes of the brains under study and their divergence in the phylogenetic tree are illustrated in Figure 1A.…”

Section: Phylogeny and Location Of Entorhinal Cortex In Five Mammaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved size and periodicity of pyramidal patches in layer 2 of medial/caudal entorhinal cortex

Naumann

Ray

Prokop

et al. 2015

J of Comparative Neurology

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To understand the structural basis of grid cell activity, we compare medial entorhinal cortex architecture in layer 2 across five mammalian species (Etruscan shrews, mice, rats, Egyptian fruit bats, and humans), bridging ∼100 million years of evolutionary diversity. Principal neurons in layer 2 are divided into two distinct cell types, pyramidal and stellate, based on morphology, immunoreactivity, and functional properties. We confirm the existence of patches of calbindin‐positive pyramidal cells across these species, arranged periodically according to analyses techniques like spatial autocorrelation, grid scores, and modifiable areal unit analysis. In rodents, which show sustained theta oscillations in entorhinal cortex, cholinergic innervation targeted calbindin patches. In bats and humans, which only show intermittent entorhinal theta activity, cholinergic innervation avoided calbindin patches. The organization of calbindin‐negative and calbindin‐positive cells showed marked differences in entorhinal subregions of the human brain. Layer 2 of the rodent medial and the human caudal entorhinal cortex were structurally similar in that in both species patches of calbindin‐positive pyramidal cells were superimposed on scattered stellate cells. The number of calbindin‐positive neurons in a patch increased from ∼80 in Etruscan shrews to ∼800 in humans, only an ∼10‐fold over a 20,000‐fold difference in brain size. The relatively constant size of calbindin patches differs from cortical modules such as barrels, which scale with brain size. Thus, selective pressure appears to conserve the distribution of stellate and pyramidal cells, periodic arrangement of calbindin patches, and relatively constant neuron number in calbindin patches in medial/caudal entorhinal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:783–806, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The entorhinal cortex of the Megachiroptera: a comparative study of Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat and the straw-coloured fruit bat

Cited by 12 publications

References 84 publications

Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cortical Cellular Plasticity in Wahlberg’s Epauletted Fruit Bat: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study

Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cortical Cellular Plasticity in Wahlberg’s Epauletted Fruit Bat: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study

Habitat-specific shaping of proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of wild rodents

Conserved size and periodicity of pyramidal patches in layer 2 of medial/caudal entorhinal cortex

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