The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Prummel, Mark F.; Strieder, Thea G. A.; Wiersinga, Wilmar M.

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500605

Cited by 255 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…The high prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in women after child-bearing age suggests that pregnancy-related factors could have an influence on the development of AITD. These factors could be hormonal, but it has also been suggested that foetal microchimerism might be important in the pathogenesis of AITD and other autoimmune diseases including scleroderma (6,14,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like other thyroid diseases, AITD is more common in females than in males (4,5). One possible explanation for this female predominance could be the effect of oestrogens on the immune system (6). Another possibility is that foetal microchimerism could contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for this female predominance could be the effect of oestrogens on the immune system (6). Another possibility is that foetal microchimerism could contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD (6). This hypothesis is supported by the predominance of females but also by the fact that chronic graft-vs-host disease shares similarities with some autoimmune diseases (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity

et al. 2006

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Background: Thyroid autoimmunity is more common in females than in males. One possible explanation for this female preponderance may be the effect of oestrogens on the immune system. It has also been suggested that foetal microchimerism involving transfer of foetal cells into maternal tissue during pregnancy may play an important role. Objective: We investigated the association between the presence of circulating thyroid autoantibodies and previous pregnancy, parity and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in a population cohort. Methods: We examined 3712 women randomly selected from the general population. Serum was analysed for thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) using assays based on an RIA technique (DYNO test). Data were analysed in logistic regression models to adjust for possible confounders. Women previously treated for thyroid disease or with pregnancy within 1 year prior to the study were excluded from the analyses. Results: In both univariate and multivariate models and whether the presence of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was investigated alone or in combination, findings were negative with respect to an association between circulating thyroid antibodies and previous pregnancy, number of pregnancies, parity and previous abortion. There was no association between thyroid autoantibodies and use of OCs. Women aged 60 -65 years receiving HRT now or previously had a lower prevalence of Tg-Ab (univariate, P ¼ 0.01; multivariate, P ¼ 0.02). No such association was observed between HRT and TPO-Ab. Conclusion: In this population study there was no association between previous pregnancy, parity and thyroid antibodies, which argues against the role of microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity. Exogenous oestrogens may reduce aspects of autoimmunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity

et al. 2006

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“…The assay D gave non-specific effects (30,31). The action of tobacco on thyroid follicles is quite well known (35)(36)(37)(38). Tobacco use constitutes a risk factor for goiter and its effect is accentuated in the presence of iodine deficiency.…”

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference range of serum calcitonin levels in humans: influence of calcitonin assays, sex, age, and cigarette smoking

d’Herbomez

Caron²,

Bauters³

et al. 2007

European Journal of Endocrinology

115

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Objective: The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the adult C T reference values determined by five different immunoassays and by introducing criteria for selecting control subjects. Design: A prospective multicenter study. Patients: Three hundred and seventy-five clinically euthyroid subjects. Methods: We used five different C T immunoassays. Sera were assayed for the concentration of TSH, gastrin, procalcitonin, urea, calcium, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies. Results: Screening for the various potential causes of hypercalcitoninemia led to the exclusion of 23% of the sera. Our reference value analysis dealt with 287 subjects (142 men and 145 women). The proportion of samples in which no C T was detected varied from 56% (for assay D) to 88% (for assay C). We observed significant correlations (whose magnitude depended on the assay used) between C T levels and age or body mass index (BMI) (primarily in men). The distribution of C T levels showed that 4.7, 9.8, 2.5, 6.5, and 8.0% of the values were over 10 pg/ml respectively. These values corresponded essentially to samples from 11 male subjects (median age: 55 years), most of whom were smokers. The highest C T values were around twice as high in men than women, and were higher in smokers than non-smokers. Conclusion: In clinical practice (and after having excluded the usual causes of raised C T levels), the interpretation of C T assay results must take into account i) the method used; ii) the patient's gender, age, and weight; and iii) the potential influence of cigarette smoking.European Journal of Endocrinology 157 749-755

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“…38,39 The retrovirus, being able to integrate in the cellular genome, can participate in the development of autoimmune disease, either through the expression of foreign antigens through alteration of expression of autoantigen or through the unbalance of subpopulations of serum lymphocytes. [40][41][42] Some evidences relate HTLV-1 infection as a possible pathogenic factor in the autoimmune thyroid diseases.…”

Section: Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine and metabolic disorders in HTLV-1 infected patients

Alves¹,

Dourado²

2010

Braz J Infect Dis

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is endemic in Japan and several countries in South America, Caribbean and Africa. Endocrine and metabolic disorders have been variably reported to be associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Therefore, the aim of this article was to critically evaluate the current knowledge of the endocrine and metabolic disorders associated with HTLV-1 infection. The literature search used PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS databases in the past 10 years, utilizing, in various combinations, the following keywords: HTLV-1, adult T-cell leukemia, diabetes mellitus, GLUT-1, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, autoimmune thyroid disorders, diabetes insipidus, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; pseudohypoparathyroidism; pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. The proven endocrine manifestations of the HTLV-1 infection are calcium disorders which occur in some patients with acute HTLV-1/Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. The few reports about thyroid, parathyroid, antidiuretic hormone and diabetes mellitus are insuffi cient to prove a causal association with HTLV-1 infection. The evidence for an association between endocrine disorders and HTLV-1 infection in general, and in asymptomatic patients is lacking. Given all these uncertainties, the endocrine expression of the HTLV-1 infection composes a promising research line for understanding the pathophysiology of this infection.

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The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Cited by 255 publications

References 207 publications

Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity

Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity

Reference range of serum calcitonin levels in humans: influence of calcitonin assays, sex, age, and cigarette smoking

Endocrine and metabolic disorders in HTLV-1 infected patients

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