The environment for children: Understanding and acting on the environmental hazards that threaten children and their parents

Inventing space in the cañada: Tracing children's agency in Los Platanitos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

“…More specifically, we are informed by the literature in children's geographies that locates children's agency in the embodied, everyday practices through which they "transform urban space" (Kallio and Häkli, 2011). Through its "cataloguing of multifarious ways in which spatialities matter in/for children and young people's everyday lives" (Horton et al, 2008: 339), work in children's geographies has examined how children experience and perceive the built environment (Ansell and Van Blerk 2005; Bartlett et al, 1999;Hardoy et al, 2010;Malone, 2001;Matthews et al 1999;Satterthwaite et al, 1996), contributing to our understanding of the co-productions of identity and space in child spaces, including how childhood spaces are reproduced through memory (Mannion, 2007;Moss 2010) and how children's conceptualizations of race and ethnicity are constituted in and through specific places (Christou and Spyrou, 2012;Holloway and Valentine, 2000). An important strand of children's geographies has sought to understand how children actively produce meaningful places (Nairn et al, 2003) under conditions of uncertainty and danger (Bromley and Stacey, 2012) and risk (Crivello and Boyden, 2012;Frankel, 2007;Klocker, 2007;Spencer and Wooley, 2000), such as the case of street children carving out comfortable spaces through appropriation of "urban niches" (Beazley, 2003, see also Davies, 2008;Young, 2003).…”

Coming of age: rethinking the role of children in population studies

“…In the developing world the focus has been more wide-ranging, re¯ecting the variety of age-speci®c and life-threatening environmental threats and the breadth of the concerns of agencies (NGOs, national governments and international government agencies) that are working to overcome them. Satterthwaite et al (1996) identi®ed seven types of environmental threat to children, which UNICEF (2001: 42), in turn, has recon®gured as threats experienced over three geographical scales. At the household/community scale, children are at risk from biological pathogens, chemical pollutants, an inadequate supply of natural resources, and physical hazards; at the community scale and above, children are at risk from a poorly designed built environment and natural resource degradation; and at a national/global scale, children are at threat from environmental problems that pose indirect and longer-term threats to their well-being.…”

“…Population statistics help to emphasise the gravity of these threats. According to Satterthwaite et al (1996), 50% of children are constantly threatened by environmental hazards; there are 40,000 deaths each day as a result of malnutrition and disease; each year three million infants and children die from diarrhoeal disease (largely through contaminated food and water), while many more children have their development impaired; and of the two million people who die each year from malaria, 75% are children under ®ve. There is an uneven geography to this problem.…”

“…There is an uneven geography to this problem. Satterthwaite et al (1996) estimated that of the 12.2 million children under the age of ®ve who die in the`South' each year, 97% would have survived if they had lived in the most developed countries. Equally signi®cant is the work of Katz (1991Katz ( , 1993.…”

The strengths and limitations of using hospital records to assess environmental health in Karonga, Malawi

“… 11. Hardoy et al (1990); Harpham and Stephens (1991); Bradley et al (1992); World Bank (1993); Satterthwaite et al (1996); Stephens et al (1997) …”