The environmental fate of phthalate esters: A literature review

Staples, Charles A.; Peterson, Dennis R.; Parkerton, Thomas F.; Adams, William J.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00195-1

Cited by 1,436 publications

(819 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…The trend of high DIBP, DnBP and DEHP values in soil is consistent with their high production. 8 Such phthalate esters distribution is similar to the previous survey about phthalate esters in the greenhouse atmosphere. 44 …”

Section: Phthalate Esterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Organic contamination in the greenhouse soils from Beijing suburbs, China

Chu

2003

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Selected persistent organic pollutants including HCHs, DDTs and PAHs together with PAEs were determined in the greenhouse soils from Beijing suburbs. The total concentrations were 11.64-29.80 ng g 21 for HCHs, 18.04-101.33 ng g 21 for DDTs, 1.34-3.15 mg g 21 for PAEs and 1.92-7.84 mg g 21 for PAHs, respectively. Predominance of b-HCH in all samples was obviously observed, suggesting a lack of new HCHs sources. High concentrations of DDE and DDD in comparison to their parents in the samples indicated that most of the DDT had been transformed into its metabolites. The contamination of PAHs was relatively serious and the most abundant compounds were 4-, 5-and 6-ring unsubstituted PAHs. The profiles reflect the important effect of traffic on the PAHs remaining in greenhouse soils. Three phthalate esters (DIBP, DnBP and DEHP) accounted for more than 97% of the phthalates studied. Analysis of n-alkanes was also performed in order to trace the natural or anthropogenic sources of hydrocarbons. Characterization and identification of these compounds in greenhouse soil may help in development of strategies to be used in monitoring organic pollutants in this region.

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Section: Phthalate Esterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Organic contamination in the greenhouse soils from Beijing suburbs, China

Chu

2003

J. Environ. Monitor.

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“…Therefore, external plasticizers leach out of PVC and enter the surrounding environment (Koch et al, 2006). The leachability of external plasticizers coupled with the high production and widespread use of PVC has led to the occurrence of DEHP in soils, wastewater, air and sewage media (Helm, 2007;Staples et al, 1997). DEHP has shown recalcitrance to biodegradation once it is in the environment, bonding strongly to organic matter in soils and in aqueous environments (Aboul-Kassim, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous leaching of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and “green” plasticizers from poly(vinyl chloride)

Kastner

Cooper

Marić

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

105

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“…Once present, they mainly accumulate in organic phases such as soil and suspended particulate matter, but dissolve in water as well. From surface waters, phthalates can readily bioconcentrate in fish [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence suggesting that di‐n‐butyl phthalate has antiandrogenic effects in fish

Aoki

Harris

Katsiadaki

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Phthalate ester plasticizers are anti-androgenic in mammals. High doses of certain phthalates consistently interfere with the normal development of male offspring exposed in utero, causing disrupted sperm production, abnormal development of the genitalia, and in some cases, infertility. In the environment, phthalates are considered ubiquitous, and are commonly measured in aquatic ecosystems at low ng to µg per litre concentrations. Given the similarity between mammalian and teleost endocrine systems, phthalate esters may be able to cause anti-androgenic endocrine disruption in fish in the wild. In the present study, adult male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculetaus) (n=8) were exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) (0, 15, and 35 µg DBP/L) for 22 d and analyzed for changes in nesting behavior, plasma androgen concentrations, spiggin concentrations, and steroidogenic gene expression. Plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly higher in males from the 35 µg DBP/L group compared to the solvent 2 control, while plasma 11-ketotestosterone concentrations were not significantly affected.Expression of steroid acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase remained unchanged. Spiggin concentrations were significantly lower in the males exposed to 35 µg DBP/L. Nest-building appeared to be slower in some males exposed to DBP, but this was not statistically significant. These results suggest that DBP has antiandrogenic effects in fish. However, further research is required to firmly establish the consequences of chronic DBP exposure in fish.

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The environmental fate of phthalate esters: A literature review

Cited by 1,436 publications

References 159 publications

Organic contamination in the greenhouse soils from Beijing suburbs, China

Organic contamination in the greenhouse soils from Beijing suburbs, China

Aqueous leaching of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and “green” plasticizers from poly(vinyl chloride)

Evidence suggesting that di‐n‐butyl phthalate has antiandrogenic effects in fish

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