The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis

Cole, Matthew A.; Rayner, A. J.; Bates, John M.

doi:10.1017/s1355770x97000211

Cited by 858 publications

(495 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…emissions (Cole et al, 1997;Selden and Song, 1994;Stern and Commons, 2001). The primary reason for the different result is that the research periods covered differ.…”

Section: -2 Results Of Country and Industry Level Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic development and multiple air pollutant emissions from the industrial sector

Fujii

Managi

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study analyzed the relationship between economic growth and emissions of eight environmental air pollutants (CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, SOx, CO, NMVOC, and NH3) in 39 countries from 1995 to 2009. We tested an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for 16 individual industry sectors and for the total industrial sector. The results clarified that at least ten individual industries do not have an EKC relationship in eight air pollutants even though this relationship was observed in the country and total industrial sector level data. We found that the key industries that dictated the EKC relationship in the country and the total industrial sector are existed in CO2, N2O, CO, and NMVOC emissions. Finally, the EKC turning point and the relationship between economic development and trends of air pollutant emissions differ among industries according to the pollution substances. These results suggest inducing new environmental policy design such as the sectoral crediting mechanism, which focuses on the industrial characteristics of emissions.

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“…emissions (Cole et al, 1997;Selden and Song, 1994;Stern and Commons, 2001). The primary reason for the different result is that the research periods covered differ.…”

Section: -2 Results Of Country and Industry Level Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic development and multiple air pollutant emissions from the industrial sector

Fujii

Managi

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Among the emissions based estimates, both Selden and Song (1994) and Cole et al (1997) dollars. This is a greater range of income levels than is found in the OECD based panels for recent decades.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cole et al, 1997;Suri and Chapman, 1998) have estimated EKCs for a proxy total environmental impact indicator -total energy use.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2004

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This paper chronicles the story of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The EKC proposes that indicators of environmental degradation first rise, and then fall with increasing income per capita. However, recent evidence shows that developing countries are addressing environmental issues, sometimes adopting developed country standards with a short time lag and sometimes performing better than some wealthy countries, and that the EKC results have a very flimsy statistical foundation. A new generation of decomposition models can help disentangle the true relations between development and the environment.

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“…These authors discoursed that trade liberalization leads to a rise in welfare derived from a better allocation of domestic resources. In another opinion, ecological economists including Lopez [4], Cole et al [16], Strutt and Anderson [17], disapproved the norms developed by environmental economists and recommend that trade liberalization will spawn negative environmental externalities especially when rich countries invest in dirty industries in host countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Trade Openness Good or Bad for Environment in Pakistan; an ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

Awan¹,

Meo²,

Ghimire³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 2018)

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Abstract. This study explored the relationship between trade openness, foreign direct investment, GDP, and environmental quality in Pakistan by using time series data for time period of 1971-2016.To examine long-run and short-run association among projected variables, we employed autoregressive distributed lag ARDL-bounds testing approach. The findings of the study confirmed a positive and significant long run association between trade openness, foreign direct investment, and environmental degradation in Pakistan. However, there is no relationship between GDP and environmental quality. Policymakers must consider environmental degradation due to trade openness and FDI; further environmental quality should not be ignored. The government must enforce environmental laws on local and international organizations. IntroductionThe worldwide environmental concerns due to adverse climate changes over planet earth have tended world economies towards the use of green energy along with considerable reduction in CO 2 emission [1]. According to the recent studies, the large part of carbon emission is coming from the developing economies due to rapid economic growth. The globalization, where it benefits the developing economies to nurture their economies through reduced investment and trade barriers, opening of technology transfer, and mobilized capital and labor [2].To investigate the real impact of trade on environment, various studies haveanalyzed the dynamic relationship between trade liberalization, energy usage and economic growth. Most of the researchers agreed at first that trade liberalization has improved allocation of domestic resources. Some studies found that liberalization of trade reduced pollution and decreased the use of energy efficiency. For example, the study by Sbia et al. [3] found that liberalization of trade enhanced the flows of new technology which substituted the old technology profoundly overwhelming the use of energy. Conversely, some studies found that liberalization of trade has deteriorated the environmental quality. The study by Lopez [4] shows that trade liberalization was tailed by an escalation in energy-based-events such as manufacturing and transportation that devour heavy energy and yield pollution.The aim of this research is to investigate the economic impacts of the trade openness on the environmental quality in Pakistan. Specifically, the paper inspects whether openness of the trade has harmed the quality of the environment in Pakistan. For empirical results, we used ARDL approach for short run and long run.The structure of the paper is as follows: Section 2 reviews the existing literature on the subject. Section 3 presents the model, methodology and data. Section 4 presents the empirical results and also discussion. The last section concludes the study.

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The environmental Kuznets curve: an empirical analysis

Cited by 858 publications

References 16 publications

Economic development and multiple air pollutant emissions from the industrial sector

Economic development and multiple air pollutant emissions from the industrial sector

The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

Is Trade Openness Good or Bad for Environment in Pakistan; an ARDL Bounds Testing Approach

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