The enzymatic degradation of polymers <i>in vitro</i>

Smith, R.; Oliver, Clive L.; Williams, David

doi:10.1002/jbm.820210805

Cited by 136 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This suggests only degradation by surface erosion occurred, as is common for enzymatic degradation processes due to the relatively large size of the enzymes limiting their penetration into the polymer matrices [35][36][37]. Indeed, thermally crosslinked PGS has also been shown to degrade by surface erosion [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and 3D Micro-Structuring via 2-Photon Polymerization of Poly(glycerol sebacate)-Methacrylate–An Elastomeric Degradable Polymer

et al. 2018

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Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) has been utilized in numerous biomaterial applications over recent years. This elastomeric and rapidly degradable polymer is cytocompatible and suited to various applications in soft tissue engineering and drug delivery. Although PGS is simple to synthesize as an insoluble prepolymer, it requires the application of high temperatures for extended periods of time to produce an insoluble matrix. This places limitations on the processing capabilities of PGS and its possible applications. Here, we present a photocurable form of PGS with improved processing capabilities: PGS-methacrylate (PGS-M). By methacrylating the secondary hydroxyl groups of the glycerol units in the PGS prepolymer chains, the material was rendered photocurable and, in combination with a photoinitiator, crosslinked rapidly on exposure to UV light at ambient temperatures. The polymer's molecular weight and the degree of methacrylation could be controlled independently and the mechanical properties of the crosslinked material tailored. The polymer also displayed rapid degradation under physiological conditions and cytocompatibility with various primary cell types. As a demonstration of the processing capabilities of PGS-M, µm scale 3D scaffold structures were fabricated using 2-photon polymerization and used for 3D cell culture. The tunable properties of PGS-M coupled with its enhanced processing capabilities make the polymer an attractive potential biomaterial for various future applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and 3D Micro-Structuring via 2-Photon Polymerization of Poly(glycerol sebacate)-Methacrylate–An Elastomeric Degradable Polymer

et al. 2018

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“…Although degradation tends to occur on high stress areas, a phenomenon known as environmental stress cracking may occur in low stress areas [43]. The introduction of foreign substrates may result in hydrolytic attack by bodily enzymes [44,45]. Deposition of calcium-containing apatite material has been shown to be a cause of failure in biprosthetic heart valves [43,46].…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

Khan

Dahman

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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With the increasing number of surgical bone grafts per year, the application of biomaterials in tissue engineering has become a popular issue. In the present work, the potential of biocellulose-nanofibre-reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites to act as bone scaffold implants is established. Investigating properties of polyurethane shows that this widely applied biomaterial group cannot fulfil all properties required for bone implants in a stand-alone fashion. Bone implants require a high Young's modulus and tensile strength but low strain which makes it difficult to find a suitable polyurethane since higher hard segment content will reduce tensile strength and lower hard segment content will reduce the Young's modulus. Other factors such as biodegradation also become important. A literature review on carbon nanotube and nanofibre composites with polyurethanes shows that nanofibrous reinforcement leads to favourable implant properties. Young's modulus and tensile strength increase dramatically. Other properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity are also affected. These types of nanofibrous materials, however, are the subject of an ongoing debate about toxicity and their use in bone implants is questionable. Biocellulose nanofibres formed from bacteria (also called bacterial cellulose (BC)) possess favourable mechanical properties and are highly biocompatible. A survey on works done on BC nanofibres and their composites show that nanostructured biocomposites that contains the nanofibres reinforced in polymer composites result in changes that are comparable to those of carbon nanotubes in regards to bone scaffold applications. Showing improvement on biocompatibility and mechanical properties, biocellulose nanofibre reinforcement on polyurethanes possesses strong potential for bone implants and other tissue-engineering applications.

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“…Aesthetic restorative materials are prone to a gradual degradation process in the oral cavity because of pH changes (chemical or bacterial action), temperature, chewing and brushing, depending on the composition of the restorative material 15,17,18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and mechanical degradation affecting the surface properties of aesthetic restorative

et al. 2017

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Aim: To evaluate the roughness (Ra), Knoop hardness (KHN) and change of color (∆E) of esthetic restorative materials (Filtek Z350-composite nanoparticle; Empress Direct-composite nanohybrid and IPS e.Max-ceramic) subjected to contact with the Streptococcus mutans biofilm (biological degradation) associated with abrasion generated by tooth brushing (mechanical degradation). Methods: Ten specimens of each material were prepared, and the surface properties initial were evaluated. All specimens were exposed to Streptococcus mutans inoculum; after 7 days, surface properties were evaluated. The specimens were submitted to a 30,000 toothbrushing cycles, using a toothpaste slurry, then, surface properties were evaluated again. Data were analyzed by Proc-Mixed, One-way ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Results: At the baseline, ceramic showed the highest Ra and KHN values; after the biological degradation the composites showed increased Ra, but KHN did not change; after the mechanical degradation, Empress showed decreased Ra and Z350 showed similar Ra, the KHN increased to both composites, and all materials had increased lightness after the mechanical degradation. Conclusions: The results suggest that, when exposed to Streptococcus mutans biofilm and toothbrush abrasion, the ceramics undergoes minimal degradation and the composites exhibited variable degradation, depending on the composition of the material.

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The enzymatic degradation of polymers in vitro

Cited by 136 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis, Characterization and 3D Micro-Structuring via 2-Photon Polymerization of Poly(glycerol sebacate)-Methacrylate–An Elastomeric Degradable Polymer

Synthesis, Characterization and 3D Micro-Structuring via 2-Photon Polymerization of Poly(glycerol sebacate)-Methacrylate–An Elastomeric Degradable Polymer

A Novel Approach for the Utilization of Biocellulose Nanofibres in Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Potential Applications in Bone Tissue Implants

Biological and mechanical degradation affecting the surface properties of aesthetic restorative

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