The Enzymes of the Granules of Polymorphonuclear
Leukocytes and Their Functions

Baggiolini, Marco

doi:10.1159/000459653

Cited by 100 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, digestion of DNA-anti-DNA complexes by human PMNLs and monocytes is documented (Lamers, de Groot and Roos, 1982) and DNAase has been demonstrated in PMNLs (Baggiolini, 1972). In accordance with this, we found extensive reduction of EB-staining indicating degradation of bacterial DNA during phagocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Phagocytosis by Human Leukocytes, Phagosomal pH and Degradation of Seven Species of Bacteria Measured by Flow Cytometry

Bassøe

Bjerknes

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. Phagocytosis by human leukocytes, phagosomal pH and degradation of seven species of bacteria were studied by a flow cytometric method. The percentage of phagocytosing leukocytes was similar for all bacterial strains examined, but Salmonella typhi and Neisseria meningitidis were more slowly phagocytosed than other bacteria. The phagosomal pH surrounding the different bacterial species 15 min after the start of phagocytosis were; Streptococcus pneumoniae 4-4; N. meningitidis 4-9; Str. pyogenes 5.1; Staphylococcus aureus 5-2; Escherichia coli 5-3; S. typhi 5 4 ; and Klebsiella pneumoniae 5.7. For longer incubation periods, the phagosomal pH remained nearly constant. Staph. aureus, E. coli and s. typhi were the most readily degraded of the species tested. The proteins of all bacteria were degraded more rapidly than their DNA as determined by measurements of the loss of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-fluorescence and ethidium bromide-fluorescence, respectively. The rate of degradation varied from one bacterial species to another. The degradation of proteins and DNA was maximal for bacteria residing in a phagosomal environment estimated to be between pH 5.2 and 5-4.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Phagocytosis by Human Leukocytes, Phagosomal pH and Degradation of Seven Species of Bacteria Measured by Flow Cytometry

Bassøe

Bjerknes

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In bone marrow, phagocytic neutrophil granulocytes (Wickramasinghe et al, 1987), and neutrophil metamyelocytes (Abdalla, 1989) con taining merozoites and pigment were reported. The electrondense granules attached to the vacuole membrane and released into the vacuole were considered to be lysosomes containing several hydrolytic enzymes (Baggiolini, 1972;Ohlsson et al, 1977). On the other hand, knobby neutro phils and promyelocytes have not been reported in the lite rature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falciparum malaria in naturally infected human patients: IV-Ultrastructural changes in peripheral white blood cells

El-Shoura

1993

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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Ultrastructure of white blood cells (WBC) were studied in peri pheral venous blood from Saudi patients with acute falciparum malaria (AFM) and compared with their counterparts in same patients 2 weeks after chloroquine treatment and full recovery. A counting system was incorporated to determine the rate of abnormal to normal cell type in plastic thick sections during the course of the disease. Neutrophilia, monocytosis, eosinopenia and lymphocytosis were associated with various ultrastructural abnor malities including: (1) Knobby phagocytic polymorphnuclear neu trophils (PMN) and promyelocytes, and PMN with highly vacuo lated cytoplasm. (2) Irregularly outlined electron-dense nuclei in non-functional monocytes. (3) Unusual distribution of nuclear chro matin in resting B-lymphocytes, while others possess highly vacuo lated cytoplasm and knobby surfaces. (4) Absence of granules in granular lymphocytes containing the known diagnostic paratubular crystalline arrays. (5) Plasmablasts containing electron-dense gra nules and swollen mitochondria. These abnormalities were sug gested to be due to the high level o f parasitaemia producing some toxic soluble products. They may also be attributed to alteration of bone marrow macrophages as a sequence of their interaction with soluble parasite products or their phagocytic parasitized red cells and debris released during the rupture of schizonts. This study showed that the number of abnormal WBC increases in patients with high level of parasitaemia; plasmablasts have the lowest rate o f abnormalities, while monocytes have the highest; old patients present with lower degree of parasitaemia than young patients due to a less mature immune system; and the AFM may have independent effects on the structure of human WBC. Résumé : Paludisme à P. falciparum. IV-Altérations ultrastructurales des globules blancs périphériques.L 'ultrastructure des globules blancs est étudiée dans le sang vei neux périphérique chez des malades d 'Arabie Saoudite atteints de paludisme aigu à falciparum. Elle est comparée à celle des glo bules blancs chez les mêmes malades deux semaines après traite ment à la chloroquine et guérison totale.Des comptages ont été réalisés sur coupes semi-fines pour déter miner le pourcentage d'anomalies cellulaires pendant le cours de la maladie. Neutrophilie, monocytose, éosinopénie et lymphocy tose étaient associées à diverses anomalies ultrastructurales : 1) protubérances de l'enveloppe évoquant des knobs chez les promyélocytes, parfois associées à un cytoplasme très vacuolisé chez les polynucléaires neutrophiles ; 2) contour nucléaire irrégu lièrement dense chez les monocytes non fonctionnels ; 3) distribution anormale de la chromatine nucléaire dans certains lymphocytes B au repos, tandis que d 'autres ont un cytoplasme vacuolisé et une surface rugueuse ; 4) absence de granules chez les lymphocytes gra nuleux contenant les structures cristallines paratubulaires ; 5) granules denses et mitochondries gonflées dans les plasmoblastes.Cette étude montre que, le nombre de glo...

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“…After formation, the phagosome is subjected to a number of fusion and fission events that alter composition of the membrane and the contents of the vacuole itself, generating a hostile environment within the vacuole that results in destruction of the engulfed microbe (4,5). This process is complex but has similarities with the changes that occur during endosomal maturation (6) and includes the fusion of the phagosome with a number of distinct preformed cytoplasmic granules containing hydrolytic enzymes, myeloperoxidase (MPO), 3 and antimicrobial proteins such as defensins (7)(8)(9)(10). During the maturation process, the multicomponent NADPH-oxidase complex assembles in the membrane of the phagosome, transporting the electrons required for generation of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the vacuole.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impaired Host Defense in Mice Lacking ONZIN

Ledford

Kovářová

Koller

2007

The Journal of Immunology

101

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ONZIN is a small, cysteine-rich peptide of unique structure that is conserved in all vertebrates examined to date. We show that ONZIN is expressed at high levels in epithelial cells of the intestinal tract, the lung, and in cells of the immune system including macrophages and granulocytes. Because this pattern of expression is suggestive of a role in innate immune function, we have generated mice lacking this protein and examined their ability to respond to challenge with infectious agents. Onzin−/− mice show a heightened innate immune response after induction of acute peritonitis with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This increased response is consistent with an increased bacterial burden in the Onzin−/− mice. Ex vivo studies show that, whereas phagocytosis is not altered in Onzin−/− neutrophils, phagocytes lacking this protein kill bacteria less effectively. This result identifies ONZIN as a novel class of intracellular protein required for optimal function of the neutrophils after uptake of bacteria.

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The Enzymes of the Granules of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Their Functions

Cited by 100 publications

References 56 publications

Phagocytosis by Human Leukocytes, Phagosomal pH and Degradation of Seven Species of Bacteria Measured by Flow Cytometry

Phagocytosis by Human Leukocytes, Phagosomal pH and Degradation of Seven Species of Bacteria Measured by Flow Cytometry

Falciparum malaria in naturally infected human patients: IV-Ultrastructural changes in peripheral white blood cells

Impaired Host Defense in Mice Lacking ONZIN

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