The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action

Cesare, Mariachiara Di; Sorić, Maroje; Bovet, Pascal; Miranda, J. Jaime; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Stevens, Gretchen A; Laxmaiah, Avula; Kengne, André Pascal; Bentham, James

doi:10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8

Cited by 738 publications

(621 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Therefore, one might argue that the success of our BWRP on specific outcomes in obese children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome may rely on the "reversibility" of the metabolic-syndrome-induced alterations in the youth and that any therapeutic intervention against obesity and, particularly, metabolic syndrome, should be adopted as early as possible in childhood and adolescence [7]. This might have some implications when our public health stakeholders are called to make decisions to fight pediatric obesity [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Metabolic syndrome is a combination of cardiometabolic risk factors, frequently detected in obese children and adolescents. To date, few clinical studies have evaluated the effectiveness of multidisciplinary body weight reduction programs on body mass index, body composition, muscle performance and fatigue in pediatric obese subjects suffering from metabolic syndrome, which might represent a sub-population that is more difficult to be treated and worthy of more intensive interventions than a population less metabolically complicated. The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of a three-week in-hospital multidisciplinary integrated body weight reduction program (BWRP) on body mass index (BMI), body composition (particularly, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), motor control (evaluated by one-leg standing balance (OLSB) test), muscle performance (evaluated by the stair climbing test (SCT)) and fatigue (evaluated by fatigue severity scale (FSS)) in a pediatric obese population with or without metabolic syndrome. A pediatric population of 548 obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (F/M = 312/236; age range: 8–18 years; BMI: 36.3 ± 6.7 kg/m2) and 96 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (F/M = 53/43; age range: 9–18 years; BMI: 38.3 ± 6.9 kg/m2) was recruited. The BWRP significantly reduced BMI, FM (expressed as %), SCT time and FSS score, and increased OLSB time in all subgroups of obese subjects, independent of sex and metabolic syndrome, with preservation of FFM. No significant differences in |ΔBMI|, |ΔFM|, |ΔOLSB| or |ΔSCT| times and |ΔFSS| score were found when comparing subjects (males and females) with or without metabolic syndrome, apart from obese females without metabolic syndrome, who exhibited a lower weight loss and FM (expressed as %) reduction when compared to the corresponding male counterpart. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of a three-week BWRP on BMI, body composition, muscle performance and fatigue in a pediatric obese population were not found to be different in patients with or without metabolic syndrome, thus indicating that the more metabolically compromised patient is as responsive to a short-term BWRP as the patient without metabolic syndrome. More prolonged follow-up studies are, however, necessary in order to verify whether the adherence to the multidisciplinary recommendations at home and the long-term maintenance of the positive effects in the two subgroups of patients will remain similar or not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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“…An obese Chinese boy from Han province (9.3 years old) from our endocrinology department with uncontrolled weight-gaining over the last 4 years was the subject of study. A BMI more the 95th percentile for their age and sex was defined as obesity and above 99 percentiles as severe obesity as per Chinese Working Group on Obesity and CDC childhood obesity guidelines [12,13]. The present study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This obesity was seen to be transmitted in a matrilineally, indicating a potential mutation in the mtDNA as the underlying cause. Hence, we sequenced the mtDNA of the proband subject, and found 47 mutations in consistency with the Eastern Asian haplogroup D4 [11,12], of which were not conserved evolutionarily and are therefore not potentially linked to the disease. The remaining m.5802A>G homoplasmic mutation, however, affected a nucleotide (A30) with a greater degree of evolutionary conservation and is present within the tRNA Cys acceptor stem and is important for maintaining the stability of tRNA [21].…”

Section: Acc-stem D-stem D-loop D-stem Ac-stem Anticd-loop Ac-stem V-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys 5802A>G mutation in a Chinese family

et al. 2020

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A Chinese family with matrilineally inherited obesity was assessed and its clinical, genetic, and molecular profiling was conducted. Obesity was observed in matrilineal relatives (3 out of 7) of a single generation (of 3 alive generations) in this family. On pedigree analysis and sequencing of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a novel homoplasmic mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA Cys gene (5802A>G) was identified in these individuals. This mutation correlated with a destabilized conserved base pair in this tRNA anticodon stem. Position 30 is known to be crucial for carrying out effective codon recognition and stability of tRNA. In accordance with the importance of this conserved site, we observed that the predicted structure of tRNA Cys with the mutation was noticeably remodeled in a molecular dynamics simulation when compared with the isoform of the wild-type. All other 46 mutations observed in the individual's mtDNA were known variants belonging to haplogroup D4. Thus, this is the first report that provides evidence of the association between a mutation in tRNA and an enhanced risk of maternally transmissible obesity, offering more insights into obesity and its underlying nature.

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“…Therefore, maximizing the peak bone mass may protect against osteoporotic fracture in later life [15]. Moreover, childhood obesity has reached an unprecedented epidemic level [16], and it is important to understand the relationship between fat mass and bone mass in growing children. However, the available evidence is not completely understood, and the results of published studies have been mixed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Weight-Adjusted Body Fat and Fat Distribution with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Children Aged 6–10 Years

Liang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Although obesity is considered osteoprotective, the effects of body fat and fat distribution on bone tissue after adjusting for the effects of body weight remain uncertain. This study evaluated the relationships between fat mass, fat distribution, and bone mineral status beyond its weight-bearing effect. We recruited 466 children aged 6-10 years in China. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total body and total body less head (TBLH), as well as the fat mass (FM) and percentage fat mass (%FM) of the total and segmental body. Weight-adjusted measures of FM and %FM were derived using the residual method. After adjusting for the effects of covariates, we observed statistically significant, dose-dependent negative relationships between the TBLH·BMD/BMC and various weight-adjusted measures of body fat (p for trend: <0.001-0.038). For each standard deviation increment in the weight-adjusted total body, TBLH, trunk and limbs, the size-adjusted BMC decreased approximately 9. 44, 9.28, 8.13, and 6.65 g in boys, respectively, and by approximately 13.74, 13.71, 7.84, and 12.95 g in girls, respectively. Significant inverse associations between FM accumulation in the total body and most body parts with the BMD/BMC were observed in both boys and girls after adjusting for weight and potential confounders.

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The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action

Cited by 738 publications

References 78 publications

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys 5802A>G mutation in a Chinese family

Associations of Weight-Adjusted Body Fat and Fat Distribution with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Children Aged 6–10 Years

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The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action

Cited by 738 publications

References 78 publications

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

Impact of a Three-Week in-Hospital Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition, Muscle Performance and Fatigue in a Pediatric Obese Population with or without Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys 5802A&gt;G mutation in a Chinese family

Associations of Weight-Adjusted Body Fat and Fat Distribution with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Children Aged 6–10 Years

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Obesity associated with a novel mitochondrial tRNACys 5802A>G mutation in a Chinese family