The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death

Kivelä, Tero

doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.150292

Cited by 620 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Worldwide, survival parallels economic development as retinoblastoma survival is approximately 30% in Africa, 60% in Asia, 80% in Latin American, and 95-97% in Europe and North America. 3 Management of a child with retinoblastoma involves a balance of patient life with globe salvage and ultimate visual potential. 4,5 Management of retinoblastoma is a practiced art that involves tumour recognition and differentiation from simulating conditions, decision-making regarding appropriate therapeutic approach, and meticulous follow-up for detection of tumour recurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma frontiers with intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy

Shields

Fulco

Arias

et al. 2012

Eye

222

205

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In this report, we explore retinoblastoma diagnostic accuracy and review chemotherapy alternatives for retinoblastoma using intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal routes. A review of 2775 patients referred for management of retinoblastoma, disclosed 78% with confirmed retinoblastoma and 22% with simulating lesions, termed pseudoretinoblastomas. Children r2 years old showed leading pseudoretinoblastomas of persistent fetal vasculature, Coats disease, and vitreous haemorrhage, whereas those 45 years showed simulators of Coats, toxocariasis, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma should be established before planning therapeutic strategy. Chemotherapy strategy depends on tumour laterality and stage of disease. If bilateral retinoblastoma, intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) is important as first-line therapy for control of intraocular disease, prevention of metastasis, and reduction in prevalence of pinealoblastoma and long-term second malignant neoplasms. Bilateral groups D and E retinoblastoma receive additional subtenon's carboplatin boost for improved local control. If unilateral disease is present, then intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is often considered. IAC can be salvage therapy following chemoreduction failure. Unilateral retinoblastoma of groups D and E are managed with enucleation or globeconserving IVC and/or IAC. Intravitreal chemotherapy is cautiously reserved for recurrent vitreous seeds following other therapies. In conclusion, the strategy for retinoblastoma management with chemotherapy depends on tumour laterality and stage of disease. Bilateral retinoblastoma is most often managed with IVC and unilateral retinoblastoma with IAC, but if advanced stage, combination IVC plus IAC or enucleation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma frontiers with intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy

Shields

Fulco

Arias

et al. 2012

Eye

222

205

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“…Retinoblastoma, an intraocular malignancy commonly found among children, possessed a worldwide prevalence of up to 1/200 000,32, 33, 34 and the novel cases per year within China accounted for as high as 20% of that within the global range 35. Despite the emergence of diverse therapies for retinoblastoma, novel biological therapies, especially molecular targeted therapies, were still in urgent demand owing to the unneglectable toxicity and adverse reactions of current treatment strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐613/c‐met axis modulated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of retinoblastoma cells

Yang

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Since lncRNAs could modulate neoplastic development by modulating downstream miRNAs and genes, this study was carried out to figure out the synthetic contribution of HOTAIR, miR‐613 and c‐met to viability, apoptosis and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. Totally 276 retinoblastoma tissues and tumour‐adjacent tissues were collected, and human retinoblastoma cell lines (ie, Y79, HXO‐Rb44, SO‐Rb50 and WERI‐RB1) were also gathered. Moreover, transfections of pcDNA3.1‐HOTAIR, si‐HOTAIR, miR‐613 mimic, miR‐613 inhibitor, pcDNA3.1/c‐met were performed to evaluate the influence of HOTAIR, miR‐613 and c‐met on viability, apoptosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinoblastoma cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was also arranged to confirm the targeted relationship between HOTAIR and miR‐613, as well as between miR‐613 and c‐met. Consequently, up‐regulated HOTAIR and down‐regulated miR‐613 expressions displayed associations with poor survival status of retinoblastoma patients (P < 0.05). Besides, inhibited HOTAIR and promoted miR‐613 elevated E‐cadherin expression, yet decreased Snail and Vimentin expressions (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, cell proliferation and cell viability were also less‐motivated (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, c‐met prohibited the functioning of miR‐613, resulting in promoted cell proliferation and viability, along with inhibited cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Finally, HOTAIR was verified to directly target miR‐613, and c‐met was the direct target gene of miR‐613 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the role of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐613/c‐met signalling axis in modulating retinoblastoma cells’ viability, apoptosis and expressions of EMT‐specific proteins might provide evidences for developing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies for retinoblastoma.

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“…A recentstudy inIndia found TABLE I. Estimated World Incidence [6], Mortality [7], and Prevalence of Metastatic Disease [7] at Diagnosis and Families Opting Out of Treatment [7] that initial enucleation was not accepted in about 7% of the cases, but children undergoing conservative treatment had more problems with adherence to treatment, since about two-thirds of the eyes that were treated with a conservatively did not receive effective treatment or completed follow up [26]. In that study, there were no significant differences in compliance according to gender, religion or place of residency [26].…”

Section: Strategies For Earlier Diagnosis and For Improving Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, it is estimated that up to 40% of the children with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma will die of metastatic disease at a young age (Table I) [6]. In developing countries, the diagnosis of retinoblastoma is frequently made at later stages of the disease when extraocular dissemination has already occurred; therefore, ocular and patient survival rates are lower in these countries than in developed countries [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to manage retinoblastoma in developing countries

Chantada

Qaddoumi

Canturk³

et al. 2010

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

131

109

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Survival of retinoblastoma is >90% in developed countries but there are significant differences with developing countries in stage at presentation, available treatment options, family compliance, and survival. In low‐income countries (LICs), children present with advanced disease, and the reasons are socioeconomic and cultural. In middle‐income countries (MICs), survival rates are better (>70%), but there is a high prevalence of microscopically disseminated extraocular disease. Programs for eye preservation have been developed, but toxicity‐related mortality is higher. Although effective treatment of microscopically extraocular disease improved the outcome, worldwide survival will be increased only by earlier diagnosis and better treatment adherence. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:341–348. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death

Cited by 620 publications

References 28 publications

Retinoblastoma frontiers with intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy

Retinoblastoma frontiers with intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy

LncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐613/c‐met axis modulated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of retinoblastoma cells

Strategies to manage retinoblastoma in developing countries

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