The epidemiological importance of intraindividual changes in objective pulmonary responses

Lebowitz, Michael D.; Quackenboss, James J.; Camilli, Anthony E.; Bronnimann, Danetta A.; Holberg, Catharine J.; Boyer, Barbara

doi:10.1007/bf00145651

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Logistic regression was used to assess whether the exposure was associated with biologically important changes in PFT among the susceptible workers by evaluating the exposure-response, where the response variable was a cutpoint below which the PFT might be considered "adverse" on an individual level. In this report, an "adverse" effect was considered to be a decrement of greater than 10% for a change in FEV,, and FVC, and greater than 15% for a change in PEF and FEF,,-,, (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) Logistic regression analyses were employed using the dichotomous PFT variables as the dependent variables and the asphalt fume components and confounders as independent continuous variables.…”

Section: Pulmonary Function Measures Before and After Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure-response of asphalt fumes with changes in pulmonary function and symptoms

Gamble¹,

Nicolich²,

Barone³

et al. 1999

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Pulmonary Function Measures Before and After Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure-response of asphalt fumes with changes in pulmonary function and symptoms

Gamble¹,

Nicolich²,

Barone³

et al. 1999

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…The epidemiological evaluation of the pathogenesis and natural history of respiratory diseases requires examination of human susceptibility and sensitivity of specific subgroups to air pollution [4,5,7,[11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Susceptibility may have been innate (e.g.…”

Section: Series 'Respiratory Effects Of Air Pollution' Edited By P Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is difficult given the many environmental and personal factors that contribute to such risk [4]. The other reason for concern is that these illnesses appear to be related to BR, reduced airway calibre, and subsequently to airway obstructive diseases [18,23,86,170,186,[205][206][207][208][209][210][211]. The role of ventilatory impairment, and BR, cannot be underemphasized [22,167,169,170].…”

Section: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (Ets)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Personal exposure factors, including timeactivity patterns, may cause a given subject to experience pollution levels very different from those measured at a nearby fixed monitoring station [8,12,15]. For instance, exposure to sources of indoor pollution may be critical, given that the majority of time is spent indoors, and those exposures may have deleterious respiratory health effects, as will be discussed [8,10,16].The epidemiological evaluation of the pathogenesis and natural history of respiratory diseases requires examination of human susceptibility and sensitivity of specific subgroups to air pollution [4,5,7,[11][12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Susceptibility may have been innate (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological studies of the respiratory effects of air pollution

Lebowitz¹

1996

Eur Respir J

112

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Environmental epidemiological studies of the health effects of air pollution have been major contributors to the understanding of such effects. The chronic effects of atmospheric pollutants have been studied, but, except for the known respiratory effects of particulate matter (PM), they have not been studied conclusively. There are ongoing studies of the chronic effects of certain pollutant classes, such as ozone, acid rain, airborne toxics, and the chemical form of PM (including diesel exhaust).Acute effects on humans due to outdoor and indoor exposures to several gases/fumes and PM have been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. However, the effects of these environmental factors on susceptible individuals are not known conclusively. These acute effects are especially important because they increase the human burden of minor illnesses, increase disability, and are thought to decrease productivity. They may be related to the increased likelihood of chronic disease as well. Further research is needed in this latter area, to determine the contributions of the time-related activities of individuals in different microenvironments (outdoors, in homes, in transit). Key elements of further studies are the assessment of total exposure to the different pollutants (occurring from indoor and outdoor sources) and the interactive effects of pollutants.Major research areas include determination of the contributions of indoor sources and of vehicle emissions to total exposure, how to measure such exposures, and how to measure human susceptibility and responses (including those at the cellular and molecular level). Biomarkers of exposures, doses and responses, including immunochemicals, biochemicals and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adducts, are beginning to promote some basic knowledge of exposure-response, especially the mechanisms. These will be extremely useful additions to standard physiological, immunological, and clinical instruments, and the understanding of biological plausibility. The outcomes of all this work will be the management of risks and the prevention of respiratory diseases related to air pollution. Eur Respir J., 1996Respir J., , 9, 1029Respir J., -1054 This work was supported by USA-NHLBI SCOR Grant HL14136.Previously published reviews of this series 1. Sandström T. Respiratory effects of air pollutants: experimental studies in humans. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 976-995. 2. Chitano P, Hosselet JJ, Mapp CE, Fabbri LM. Effects of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1357-1371. Heyder J, Takenaka S. Long-term canine exposure studies with ambient air pollutants. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 571-584. This review of epidemiological studies of the respiratory effects of exposures to air pollutants follows excellent reviews of experimental studies in animals and humans that have recently appeared in the Journal [1][2][3]. It has relied both on prior reviews of the topic and on the extensive literature of the major research reports...

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“…This tracheal growth is a process indicative of the airway growth that one would expect to accompany the increase in lung vol associated with the maturation component. We chose to investigate FEVl because of its reproducibility (20,21) and to avoid the possible effects of chest wall limitation on the complete expiration of the vital capacity. It is important to note, however, that FVC behaved essentially the same as FEVl (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Procedure for Estimating the Spatial Relationships between Lung Function, Somatic Growth, and Maturation

et al. 1989

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ABSTRACT. A mathematical procedure is described for examining growth velocity rates of lung function (FEVI) in relationship to somatic growth and maturation. This procedure uses a polynomial smoothing spline model to yield a fitted curve through the data and to estimate the process first derivatives (i.e. growth velocity curves). We demonstrate this technique using data from children and adolescents enrolled in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Diseases. The study group consisted of 772 healthy normal subjects, aged 3 to 25 y. The results for the normal subjects (male and female) indicate that the growth velocity peak (GVP) of somatic growth leads the GVP of functional growth (FEVI) by approximately 7 and 11 mo for females and male subjects, respectively, and that the GVP of maturation lags behind that of functional growth (FEVI) by approximately 1 y (male and female subjects). In addition, the normal subjects' growth velocity curves for FVC and FEVl/FVC were examined. The FEVI/ FVC ratio was consistently high, and its growth velocity was not significantly different than 0 over the age range studied. This suggests that in normal children, the GVP seen in FEVl is primarily due to a GVP in vital capacity or lung vol, rather than to a direct effect on expiratory flow rates alone. From this study we concluded that the polynomial smoothing spline procedure can adequately model the inherently noisy pulmonary function data and additionally yield an accurate estimate of the process first derivative. (Pediatr Res 25:316-321, 1989) Abbreviations FVC, forced vital capacity FEVI, forced expired volume in one second SG, somatic growth M, maturation GVP, growth velocity peakThe relationships between lung function and anthropometric growth in adolescents have been studied by several investigators (1-9). Although some reports have focused on the reproducibility of lung function and anthropometric variables (6) thoracic growth and stature (2,3,5,6). The latter studies have all reported an apparent lag time between growth in stature and subsequent growth in lung function. That is to say, increases in lung function continue to occur for at least 1 y after cessation of increase in stature. These results were also suggested by Simon et al. (8), who showed that the growth spurt for lung length (determined from chest radiographs) occurred 6 mo after that for standing height, for males and females ages 6-15 y. The two major contributing factors of functional lung development are: I ) SG assessed by a power function of height, which as mentioned above, leads functional growth; and 2) M, which we propose lags behind the functional growth component. For our purposes, lung M is defined as that portion of functional lung development which is not directly related to changes in SG. An estimate of M is then determined as that portion of the observed FEVl not predicted, using a power function of simple allometry. This approach assumes that FEV1 growth can be described by a simple allometry model and that any deviations f...

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The epidemiological importance of intraindividual changes in objective pulmonary responses

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Exposure-response of asphalt fumes with changes in pulmonary function and symptoms

Exposure-response of asphalt fumes with changes in pulmonary function and symptoms

Epidemiological studies of the respiratory effects of air pollution

A Mathematical Procedure for Estimating the Spatial Relationships between Lung Function, Somatic Growth, and Maturation

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