The epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs

Brown, Ian H.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00164-4

Cited by 426 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Influenza A viruses have remained endemic in pig populations worldwide and represent a common cause of respiratory infections in pigs (Brown 2000). The primary route of virus transmission is via pig-to-pig contact resulting in nasopharyngeal routes of infection following nasal viral secretions that are disseminated through droplets or aerosols.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coughing, nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, difficulty in breathing, depressed appetite and reproductive disorders have been associated with different influenza A virus subtype infections throughout the world (Kuntz-Simon & Madec 2009). Close contact between pigs, stress, meteorological and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to influenza virus spread (Brown 2000, Williamson et al 2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Asymptomatic influenza virus infections in pigs are frequent and the lack of measures for controlling viral spread facilitates the circulation of different virus strains between pigs. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the circulation of influenza A virus strains among asymptomatic piglets in an abattoir in Brazil and discuss the potential public health impacts. Tracheal samples (n = 330) were collected from asymptomatic animals by a veterinarian that also performed visual lung tissue examinations. No slaughtered animals presented with any noticeable macroscopic signs of influenza infection following examination of lung tissues. Samples were then analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that resulted in the identification of 30 (9%) influenza A positive samples. The presence of asymptomatic pig infections suggested that these animals could facilitate virus dissemination and act as a source of infection for the herd, thereby enabling the emergence of influenza outbreaks associated with significant economic losses. Furthermore, the continuous exposure of the farm and abattoir workers to the virus increases the risk for interspecies transmission. Monitoring measures of swine influenza virus infections and vaccination and monitoring of employees for influenza infection should also be considered. In addition regulatory agencies should consider the public health ramifications regarding the potential zoonotic viral transmission between humans and pigs.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Amorim

Fornells

Reis

et al. 2013

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…The disease caused by influenza viruses in pigs is essentially similar to that recorded in humans, with low mortality but high morbidity [5] and has serious economic consequences due to the increased time needed to attain slaughter weight. Swine influenza is related to the movement of animals from infected to susceptible herds, clinical disease generally appears with the introduction of new pigs.…”

Section: Influenza In Domestic Animalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Animal influenza virus surveillance

Fouchier

Osterhaus

Brown

2003

Vaccine

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“…Swine infl uenza A viruses of the H1N1 subtype currently circulate as two distinct lineages within North American and European swine populations [27,28]. Independently, a novel lineage of avian-like H1N1 swine IAV emerged in Europe in 1979 that essentially replaced classical swine IAV [27,29,30].…”

Section: Current Global Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological update on swine influenza (H1N1) in pigs

2009

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The 2009 H1N1 pandemic has slowed down its spread after initial speed of transmission. The conventional swine infl uenza H1N1 virus (SIV) in pig populations worldwide needs to be differentiated from pandemic H1N1 infl uenza virus, however it is also essential to know about the exact role of pigs in the spread and mutations taking place in pig-to-pig transmission. The present paper reviews epidemiological features of classical SIV and its differentiation with pandemic infl uenza. -Derek Gatherer, 2009 (1) Keywords Swine fl u · Infl uenza · H1N1

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The epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs

Cited by 426 publications

References 79 publications

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Influenza A virus infection of healthy piglets in an abattoir in Brazil: animal-human interface and risk for interspecies transmission

Animal influenza virus surveillance

Epidemiological update on swine influenza (H1N1) in pigs

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